PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Masturbation is common and generally accepted in Western society as a normal, healthy activity. In contrast, the Catholic Church holds that masturbation is immoral. Noting that the human person is a profound unity of body and spirit, if the Church is correct, masturbation should have negative effects on the human person. If the secular view is correct, masturbation should have conversely positive effects. This paper is divided into three parts. An in-depth literature survey was performed to evaluate the physical, medical, psychological, sociological and spiritual correlates of masturbation. The second part is a theological summary of the Catholic understanding of masturbation. The third part is an approach to therapy. Physically, masturbation was found to be less sexually satisfying than intercourse. Medical complications include penile injury and self-asphyxial behavior. Psychologically, masturbation was found to be associated with depression, anxiety, immature defenses, hypersexuality, guilt, poor body self-image and stress in the workplace. Sociologically most studies indicate a negative correlation between masturbation and relationship satisfaction, quality, intimacy, relational happiness, emotional satisfaction with the partner, trust, passion, and love. Spiritually, masturbation is highly positively correlated with pornography consumption and negatively with religion and religiosity. There is a higher rate of masturbation in homosexuals and bisexuals than in heterosexuals. Theologically, masturbation and pornography directly violate the religious virtue of chastity, undermining one\'s prayer life and the motivation to develop a spiritual life. Therapeutically, positive psychology, which emphasizes cultivating what it identifies as virtues, including justice, courage, temperance, wisdom (similar to prudence), transcendence (similar to hope) and humanity (similar to charity), can be used to counsel individuals struggling with masturbation. Once the harms are understood, a person can be counseled that this temptation represents a challenge, an opportunity to build self-control, and with self-control the capacity to develop character strengths and major virtues.
摘要：
手淫是西方社会普遍接受的一种常态,健康的活动。相比之下,天主教会认为手淫是不道德的。注意到人是身体和精神的深刻统一，如果教会是正确的，手淫应该对人类有负面影响。如果世俗观点是正确的，相反，手淫应该有积极的影响。本文分为三个部分。进行了深入的文献调查，以评估身体，medical,心理,自慰的社会学和精神相关性。第二部分是天主教对手淫认识的神学总结。第三部分是治疗方法。身体上,发现手淫的性满足程度不如性交。医学并发症包括阴茎损伤和自我窒息行为。心理上,自慰被发现与抑郁有关,焦虑,不成熟的防御，性欲亢进,内疚，内疚不良的身体自我形象和工作场所的压力。在社会学上，大多数研究表明手淫和关系满意度之间呈负相关，质量,亲密,关系幸福，对伴侣的情感满意度，信任,激情,和爱。精神上,手淫与色情消费呈高度正相关，与宗教和宗教信仰呈负相关。同性恋和双性恋者的自慰率高于异性恋者。神学上,手淫和色情直接违反了贞操的宗教美德，破坏一个人的祈祷生活和发展精神生活的动力。治疗学上,积极心理学,强调培养它认为的美德，包括正义,勇气,节制,智慧（类似于谨慎），超越(类似于希望)和人性(类似于慈善)，可以用来为手淫挣扎的人提供咨询。一旦了解了危害，一个人可以被告知，这种诱惑代表了一种挑战，建立自我控制的机会，并具有自我控制能力发展性格优势和主要美德。
