Abstract：
The ABA renewal effect occurs when behavior is trained in one context (A), extinguished in a second context (B), and the test occurs in the training context (A). Two mechanisms that explain ABA renewal are context summation at the test and contextual modulation of extinction learning, with the former being unlikely if both contexts have a similar associative history. In two experiments, we used within-subjects designs in which participants learned to avoid a loud noise (unconditioned stimulus) signaled by discrete visual stimuli (conditioned stimuli [CSs]), by pressing the space bar on the computer keyboard. The training was conducted in two contexts, with a different pair of CSs (CS+ and CS-) trained in each context. During extinction, CS+ and CS- stimuli were presented in the alternative context from that of training, and participants were allowed to freely respond, but no loud noise was presented. Finally, all CSs were tested in both contexts, resulting in a within-subjects ABA versus ABB comparison. Across experiments, participants increased avoidance responses during training and decreased them during extinction, although Experiment 2 revealed less extinction. During the test, responding was higher when CS+ were tested in the training context (ABA) versus the extinction context (ABB), revealing the renewal of instrumental avoidance. Experiment 2 also measured expectancy after the avoidance test and revealed a remarkable similarity between avoidance responses and expectancy ratings. This study shows the renewal of instrumental avoidance in humans, and the results suggest the operation of a modulatory role for the context in renewal, similar to the occasion setting of extinction learning by the context. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
摘要：
ABA更新效应发生在一种情况下训练行为时(A)，在第二上下文(B)中熄灭，并且测试发生在训练上下文(A)中。解释ABA更新的两种机制是测试中的上下文求和和灭绝学习的上下文调制，如果两种情况都有相似的联想历史，则前者不太可能。在两个实验中，我们使用受试者内设计，参与者学会避免由离散视觉刺激（条件刺激[CSs]）发出信号的大声噪音（非条件刺激），按计算机键盘上的空格键。培训是在两种情况下进行的，在每个上下文中训练一对不同的CS(CS+和CS-)。在灭绝期间,CS+和CS-刺激是在训练的替代背景下呈现的，参与者被允许自由回应，但是没有出现很大的噪音。最后,所有CS都在这两种情况下进行了测试，导致受试者内ABA与ABB的比较。在整个实验中，参与者在训练期间增加了回避反应，在灭绝期间减少了回避反应，尽管实验2揭示了较少的灭绝。在测试过程中,当CS+在训练环境(ABA)与灭绝环境(ABB)中测试时，反应更高，揭示了工具回避的更新。实验2还测量了回避测试后的期望，并揭示了回避反应和期望等级之间的显着相似性。这项研究表明人类工具回避的更新，结果表明，在更新中对上下文的调节作用，类似于通过上下文学习灭绝的场合设置。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2024APA，保留所有权利)。
