PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Multiscale characterization is essential to better understand the hierarchical architecture of bone and an array of analytical methods contributes to exploring the various structural and compositional aspects. Incorporating X-ray tomography, X-ray scattering, vibrational spectroscopy, and atom probe tomography alongside electron microscopy provides a comprehensive approach, offering insights into the diverse levels of organization within bone. X-ray scattering techniques reveal information about collagen-mineral spatial relationships, while X-ray tomography captures 3D structural details, especially at the microscale. Electron microscopy, such as scanning and transmission electron microscopy, extends resolution to the nanoscale, showcasing intricate features such as collagen fibril organization. Additionally, atom probe tomography achieves sub-nanoscale resolution and high chemical sensitivity, enabling detailed examination of bone composition. Despite various technical challenges, a correlative approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of bone material properties. Real-time investigations through in situ and in operando approaches shed light on the dynamic processes in bone. Recently developed techniques such as liquid, in situ transmission electron microscopy provide insights into calcium phosphate formation and collagen mineralization. Mechanical models developed in the effort to link structure, composition, and function currently remain oversimplified but can be improved. In conclusion, correlative analytical platforms provide a holistic perspective of bone extracellular matrix and are essential for unraveling the intricate interplay between structure and composition within bone.
摘要：
多尺度表征对于更好地理解骨骼的层次结构至关重要，一系列分析方法有助于探索各种结构和成分方面。结合X射线断层扫描，X射线散射,振动光谱学，和原子探针层析成像以及电子显微镜提供了一个全面的方法，提供对骨骼内组织的不同层次的见解。X射线散射技术揭示有关胶原蛋白-矿物质空间关系的信息，虽然X射线断层摄影可以捕获3D结构细节，尤其是在微观尺度上。电子显微镜,如扫描和透射电子显微镜，将分辨率扩展到纳米级，展示复杂的特征，如胶原蛋白原纤维组织。此外,原子探针层析成像可实现亚纳米级分辨率和高化学灵敏度，使骨骼成分的详细检查。尽管面临各种技术挑战，相关的方法可以全面了解骨骼材料的特性。通过原位和手术方法进行的实时调查揭示了骨骼的动态过程。最近开发的技术，如液体，原位透射电子显微镜提供了对磷酸钙形成和胶原矿化的见解。为连接结构而开发的机械模型，composition,和功能目前仍然过于简化，但可以改进。总之,相关分析平台提供了骨细胞外基质的整体视角，对于揭示骨内结构和成分之间复杂的相互作用至关重要。
