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Abstract：
Pseudofolliculitis barbae (PFB) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease favoured by shaving. It is particularly common among black Africans belonging to certain socio-professional categories who are obliged to shave. Its aesthetic and professional damage is very significant. However, very few data are available for this condition, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa.
To determine the epidemiological and clinical aspects, and the risk factors associated with the occurrence of PFB in Dakar.
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in March 2019, including 655 police students at the National Police Academy in Dakar, all of African descent and with curly hair, who were required to shave weekly and agreed to participate in this study. The diagnosis of PFB was clinically based. Data analysis was processed using Epi-info version 6.0 software. Pearson\'s chi-square test was used for bivariate analysis with a significance threshold of p < 0.05. The Odds Ratio, with its 95% confidence interval, was used to determine the risk factors.
Among the 655 officers, 254 had PFB, with a prevalence of 38.8%. The prevalence of PFB was 43.7% in men (242 men out of 554) and 11.9% in women (12 women out of 101). The average age of patients with PFB was 26.80 years (± 2.59), ranging from 22 to 36 years. The age of onset of PFB was between 18 and 20 years for the majority (39.8%), with a mean age of onset of 22.2 years (± 3.6). PFB lesions were pruritic in 84.6% of cases, papular in 96.8%, and/or pustular in 60.2%. The submandibular region was the most affected site (69.8%). Complications were noted in 90.1% of cases in the form of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (87%) and keloid scars (3.1%). The risk factors associated with PFB were male sex (p<0.0001; OR=5.7; CI95% [3.07-10.75]), family history of PFB (p<0.0001; OR=5; CI95% [3.35-7.37]), keloid-prone skin (p<0.0001; OR=2.9; CI95% [1.63-4.96]), association with acne keloidalis nuchae (p<0.0001; OR=8.8; CI95% [5.55-14.08]), use of a single-blade razor (p<0.0001; OR=2.5; CI95% [1.69-3.70]), use of a fixed-head razor (p<0.0001; OR=1.8 CI95% [1.28-2.77]), shaving against the grain (p<0.0001; OR = 6.3; CI95%= [4.33-9.08]), non-use of shaving products (p = 0.009; OR = 1.5; CI95%= [1.06-2]) and waxing (p<0.004; OR=2.7; CI95% [1.33-5.77]). On the other hand, the use of clippers (p<0.0001; OR = 0.5 CI95% [0.33-0.65]), pre-shave products (p<0.0001; OR = 0.4 CI95% [0.29-0.61]) and the use of razors with movable heads (p<0.0009; OR = 0.2 CI95% [0.17-0.35]) were protective factors against PFB.
Our study confirms the high incidence of PFB in this population of black men of African descent. A genetic abnormality revealed by shaving must be evoked in the occurrence of PFB. Further genetic and immunohistochemical studies would be needed to support this hypothesis.
To determine the epidemiological and clinical aspects, and the risk factors associated with the occurrence of PFB in Dakar.
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in March 2019, including 655 police students at the National Police Academy in Dakar, all of African descent and with curly hair, who were required to shave weekly and agreed to participate in this study. The diagnosis of PFB was clinically based. Data analysis was processed using Epi-info version 6.0 software. Pearson\'s chi-square test was used for bivariate analysis with a significance threshold of p < 0.05. The Odds Ratio, with its 95% confidence interval, was used to determine the risk factors.
Among the 655 officers, 254 had PFB, with a prevalence of 38.8%. The prevalence of PFB was 43.7% in men (242 men out of 554) and 11.9% in women (12 women out of 101). The average age of patients with PFB was 26.80 years (± 2.59), ranging from 22 to 36 years. The age of onset of PFB was between 18 and 20 years for the majority (39.8%), with a mean age of onset of 22.2 years (± 3.6). PFB lesions were pruritic in 84.6% of cases, papular in 96.8%, and/or pustular in 60.2%. The submandibular region was the most affected site (69.8%). Complications were noted in 90.1% of cases in the form of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (87%) and keloid scars (3.1%). The risk factors associated with PFB were male sex (p<0.0001; OR=5.7; CI95% [3.07-10.75]), family history of PFB (p<0.0001; OR=5; CI95% [3.35-7.37]), keloid-prone skin (p<0.0001; OR=2.9; CI95% [1.63-4.96]), association with acne keloidalis nuchae (p<0.0001; OR=8.8; CI95% [5.55-14.08]), use of a single-blade razor (p<0.0001; OR=2.5; CI95% [1.69-3.70]), use of a fixed-head razor (p<0.0001; OR=1.8 CI95% [1.28-2.77]), shaving against the grain (p<0.0001; OR = 6.3; CI95%= [4.33-9.08]), non-use of shaving products (p = 0.009; OR = 1.5; CI95%= [1.06-2]) and waxing (p<0.004; OR=2.7; CI95% [1.33-5.77]). On the other hand, the use of clippers (p<0.0001; OR = 0.5 CI95% [0.33-0.65]), pre-shave products (p<0.0001; OR = 0.4 CI95% [0.29-0.61]) and the use of razors with movable heads (p<0.0009; OR = 0.2 CI95% [0.17-0.35]) were protective factors against PFB.
Our study confirms the high incidence of PFB in this population of black men of African descent. A genetic abnormality revealed by shaving must be evoked in the occurrence of PFB. Further genetic and immunohistochemical studies would be needed to support this hypothesis.
摘要：
■假性毛囊炎（PFB）是一种受剃须影响的慢性炎症性皮肤病。这在属于某些社会职业类别的非洲黑人中尤其常见，他们必须刮胡子。其审美和职业损害非常显著。然而,这种情况的数据很少，特别是在撒哈拉以南非洲。
■为了确定流行病学和临床方面，以及达喀尔地区发生PFB的相关危险因素。
■这是2019年3月进行的描述性横断面研究，其中包括达喀尔国家警察学院的655名警察学生，都是非洲人后裔，留着卷发，他们被要求每周刮胡子，并同意参加这项研究。PFB的诊断基于临床。使用Epi-info版本6.0软件处理数据分析。Pearson卡方检验用于双变量分析，显著性阈值为p<0.05。赔率比,95%的置信区间，用于确定风险因素。
■在655名军官中，254有PFB，患病率为38.8%。PFB的患病率男性为43.7％（554人中有242名男性），女性为11.9％（101人中有12名女性）。PFB患者平均年龄为26.80岁(±2.59),从22岁到36岁不等。PFB的发病年龄大多数在18至20岁之间(39.8%),平均发病年龄为22.2岁（±3.6）。PFB病灶为瘙痒的病例占84.6%,96.8%有丘疹，和/或脓疱占60.2%。下颌下区是受影响最大的部位（69.8％）。在90.1％的病例中以炎症后色素沉着过度（87％）和瘢痕疙瘩疤痕（3.1％）的形式出现并发症。与PFB相关的危险因素是男性(p<0.0001;OR=5.7;CI95%[3.07-10.75]),PFB家族史（p<0.0001；OR=5；CI95%[3.35-7.37]），皮肤瘢痕疙瘩（p<0.0001；OR=2.9；CI95%[1.63-4.96]），与痤疮的相关性（p<0.0001；OR=8.8；CI95%[5.55-14.08]），使用单刀片剃须刀（p<0.0001；OR=2.5；CI95%[1.69-3.70]），使用固定头剃须刀（p<0.0001；OR=1.8CI95%[1.28-2.77]），对谷物进行剃须(p<0.0001；OR=6.3；CI95%=[4.33-9.08])，未使用剃须产品(p=0.009;OR=1.5;CI95%=[1.06-2])和打蜡(p<0.004;OR=2.7;CI95%[1.33-5.77])。另一方面,使用推子（p<0.0001；OR=0.5CI95%[0.33-0.65]），剃须前产品(p<0.0001;OR=0.4CI95%[0.29-0.61])和使用带活动头的剃刀(p<0.0009;OR=0.2CI95%[0.17-0.35])是抗PFB的保护因素。
■我们的研究证实了这一非洲裔黑人人群中PFB的高发率。在PFB的发生中，必须引起剃须所揭示的遗传异常。需要进一步的遗传和免疫组织化学研究来支持这一假设。
■为了确定流行病学和临床方面，以及达喀尔地区发生PFB的相关危险因素。
■这是2019年3月进行的描述性横断面研究，其中包括达喀尔国家警察学院的655名警察学生，都是非洲人后裔，留着卷发，他们被要求每周刮胡子，并同意参加这项研究。PFB的诊断基于临床。使用Epi-info版本6.0软件处理数据分析。Pearson卡方检验用于双变量分析，显著性阈值为p<0.05。赔率比,95%的置信区间，用于确定风险因素。
■在655名军官中，254有PFB，患病率为38.8%。PFB的患病率男性为43.7％（554人中有242名男性），女性为11.9％（101人中有12名女性）。PFB患者平均年龄为26.80岁(±2.59),从22岁到36岁不等。PFB的发病年龄大多数在18至20岁之间(39.8%),平均发病年龄为22.2岁（±3.6）。PFB病灶为瘙痒的病例占84.6%,96.8%有丘疹，和/或脓疱占60.2%。下颌下区是受影响最大的部位（69.8％）。在90.1％的病例中以炎症后色素沉着过度（87％）和瘢痕疙瘩疤痕（3.1％）的形式出现并发症。与PFB相关的危险因素是男性(p<0.0001;OR=5.7;CI95%[3.07-10.75]),PFB家族史（p<0.0001；OR=5；CI95%[3.35-7.37]），皮肤瘢痕疙瘩（p<0.0001；OR=2.9；CI95%[1.63-4.96]），与痤疮的相关性（p<0.0001；OR=8.8；CI95%[5.55-14.08]），使用单刀片剃须刀（p<0.0001；OR=2.5；CI95%[1.69-3.70]），使用固定头剃须刀（p<0.0001；OR=1.8CI95%[1.28-2.77]），对谷物进行剃须(p<0.0001；OR=6.3；CI95%=[4.33-9.08])，未使用剃须产品(p=0.009;OR=1.5;CI95%=[1.06-2])和打蜡(p<0.004;OR=2.7;CI95%[1.33-5.77])。另一方面,使用推子（p<0.0001；OR=0.5CI95%[0.33-0.65]），剃须前产品(p<0.0001;OR=0.4CI95%[0.29-0.61])和使用带活动头的剃刀(p<0.0009;OR=0.2CI95%[0.17-0.35])是抗PFB的保护因素。
■我们的研究证实了这一非洲裔黑人人群中PFB的高发率。在PFB的发生中，必须引起剃须所揭示的遗传异常。需要进一步的遗传和免疫组织化学研究来支持这一假设。
