Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the construct validity of the Danish Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK).
METHODS: The English 17-item scale was translated into Danish adhering to WHO\'s guidelines. The construct validity of the TSK was examined in a random general population sample of 4,884 18- to 72-year olds with pain within the past 4 weeks. Examination of construct validity adhered to the COSMIN checklist. Structural validity was examined by splitting the sample and conducting exploratory factor analysis on one half and confirmatory factor analysis on the other half. Convergent validity was examined through associations with self-report measures and objective physical performance tests. Reference scores for the TSK were calculated.
RESULTS: After translation, all respondents felt confident that they understood the meaning of the items. All but one found the questionnaire acceptable. The exploratory factor analysis suggested that a 1-factor 13-item version without 4 reversed items resulted in the most consistent fit across subgroups of gender, age, and severe pain report. Five different models of the TSK were tested in the confirmatory factor analysis. While none were excellent fits, both one- and two-factor models of the TSK-13 and TSK-11 were acceptable. Two-factor models marginally outperformed one-factor models on goodness of fit. There was no association between TSK scores and muscular fitness or self-reported physical activity. Cardiorespiratory fitness, self-perceived physical fitness, and self-efficacy had weak correlations with TSK scores. Scores showed modest associations with self-report measures of anxiety, illness worry, pain interference, and daily limitations.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on an overall consideration of results, we recommend using the TSK-13 as a one-dimensional construct for both research and clinical purposes pending further examinations of the TSK in clinical samples. TSK scores from the present study can serve as a standard of reference for levels of Kinesiophobia in the general population.
METHODS: The English 17-item scale was translated into Danish adhering to WHO\'s guidelines. The construct validity of the TSK was examined in a random general population sample of 4,884 18- to 72-year olds with pain within the past 4 weeks. Examination of construct validity adhered to the COSMIN checklist. Structural validity was examined by splitting the sample and conducting exploratory factor analysis on one half and confirmatory factor analysis on the other half. Convergent validity was examined through associations with self-report measures and objective physical performance tests. Reference scores for the TSK were calculated.
RESULTS: After translation, all respondents felt confident that they understood the meaning of the items. All but one found the questionnaire acceptable. The exploratory factor analysis suggested that a 1-factor 13-item version without 4 reversed items resulted in the most consistent fit across subgroups of gender, age, and severe pain report. Five different models of the TSK were tested in the confirmatory factor analysis. While none were excellent fits, both one- and two-factor models of the TSK-13 and TSK-11 were acceptable. Two-factor models marginally outperformed one-factor models on goodness of fit. There was no association between TSK scores and muscular fitness or self-reported physical activity. Cardiorespiratory fitness, self-perceived physical fitness, and self-efficacy had weak correlations with TSK scores. Scores showed modest associations with self-report measures of anxiety, illness worry, pain interference, and daily limitations.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on an overall consideration of results, we recommend using the TSK-13 as a one-dimensional construct for both research and clinical purposes pending further examinations of the TSK in clinical samples. TSK scores from the present study can serve as a standard of reference for levels of Kinesiophobia in the general population.
摘要：
目的：本研究调查了丹麦坦帕运动恐惧症量表（TSK）的结构效度。
方法：按照世卫组织的指南，将英文17项量表翻译成丹麦语。在过去4周内，在4,884名18至72岁的疼痛患者的随机普通人群样本中检查了TSK的结构效度。结构有效性的检查符合COSMIN核对表。通过拆分样本并对一半进行探索性因子分析和对另一半进行验证性因子分析来检查结构效度。通过与自我报告测量和客观物理性能测试的关联来检查收敛效度。计算TSK的参考分数。
结果：翻译后，所有受访者都相信他们理解这些项目的含义。除了一个人之外，所有人都认为问卷可以接受。探索性因素分析表明，没有4个反转项目的1因素13项目版本导致性别亚组之间最一致的拟合，年龄,和严重的疼痛报告。在验证性因子分析中测试了五种不同的TSK模型。虽然没有一个适合，TSK-13和TSK-11的单因素和双因素模型均可接受.双因素模型在拟合优度上略微优于单因素模型。TSK评分与肌肉健康或自我报告的身体活动之间没有关联。心肺健康，自我感知的身体健康，自我效能感与TSK评分的相关性较弱。分数显示与焦虑的自我报告指标有适度的关联，疾病忧虑,疼痛干扰，日常限制。
结论：基于对结果的全面考虑，我们建议将TSK-13作为一维结构用于研究和临床目的,等待进一步检查临床样本中的TSK.本研究的TSK评分可以作为普通人群中运动恐惧症水平的参考标准。
方法：按照世卫组织的指南，将英文17项量表翻译成丹麦语。在过去4周内，在4,884名18至72岁的疼痛患者的随机普通人群样本中检查了TSK的结构效度。结构有效性的检查符合COSMIN核对表。通过拆分样本并对一半进行探索性因子分析和对另一半进行验证性因子分析来检查结构效度。通过与自我报告测量和客观物理性能测试的关联来检查收敛效度。计算TSK的参考分数。
结果：翻译后，所有受访者都相信他们理解这些项目的含义。除了一个人之外，所有人都认为问卷可以接受。探索性因素分析表明，没有4个反转项目的1因素13项目版本导致性别亚组之间最一致的拟合，年龄,和严重的疼痛报告。在验证性因子分析中测试了五种不同的TSK模型。虽然没有一个适合，TSK-13和TSK-11的单因素和双因素模型均可接受.双因素模型在拟合优度上略微优于单因素模型。TSK评分与肌肉健康或自我报告的身体活动之间没有关联。心肺健康，自我感知的身体健康，自我效能感与TSK评分的相关性较弱。分数显示与焦虑的自我报告指标有适度的关联，疾病忧虑,疼痛干扰，日常限制。
结论：基于对结果的全面考虑，我们建议将TSK-13作为一维结构用于研究和临床目的,等待进一步检查临床样本中的TSK.本研究的TSK评分可以作为普通人群中运动恐惧症水平的参考标准。
