Abstract：
Episodic future thinking (EFT) strengthens self-regulation abilities by increasing the perceived value of long-term reinforcements and reducing impulsive choice in delay discounting tasks. As such, EFT interventions have the potential to improve dietary and eating-related decision-making in individuals with obesity or binge eating symptoms, conditions associated with elevated delay discounting. Here, we meta-analyzed evidence from 12 studies that assessed whether EFT interventions improve delay discounting and real-world food choice compared to control interventions. Included studies involved 951 adults with overweight or obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥25). There were no studies involving participants with binge eating disorder. EFT intervention pooled effects were significant, improving delay discounting with a medium effect, g = 0.55, p < 0.0001, and subsequent food choice outcomes with a small effect, g = 0.31, p < 0.01. Notably, our review is the first to analyze mechanisms of effect in this population, demonstrating that improvements were greater when temporal horizons of EFT episodes were aligned with delay discounting tasks and more distant horizons predicted far-transfer to subsequent dietary and eating-related choices. Our findings thus show that EFT is an effective intervention for individuals with higher weight at risk of adverse health consequences.
摘要：
情景未来思维（EFT）通过增加长期增援的感知价值并减少延迟折扣任务中的冲动选择来增强自我调节能力。因此，EFT干预有可能改善肥胖或暴饮暴食症状患者的饮食和饮食相关决策。与升高的延迟折扣相关的条件。这里,我们对来自12项研究的证据进行了荟萃分析,这些研究评估了与对照干预相比,EFT干预是否能改善延迟折扣和现实世界的食物选择.纳入的研究涉及951名超重或肥胖的成年人（体重指数[BMI]≥25）。没有涉及暴饮暴食症参与者的研究。EFT干预汇集效应显著，改善延迟贴现，具有中等效果，g=0.55，p<0.0001，随后的食物选择结果影响很小，g=0.31,p<0.01。值得注意的是,我们的评论是第一个分析该人群的作用机制，证明当EFT发作的时间范围与延迟折扣任务一致时，改善更大，并且更远的范围预测向随后的饮食和饮食相关选择转移。因此，我们的研究结果表明，EFT是一种有效的干预措施，适用于体重较高的人，有不良健康后果的风险。
