Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Dysgraphia, a recognized PD motor symptom, lacks effective clinical assessment. Current evaluation relies on motor assessment scales. Computational methods introduced over the past decade offer an objective dysgraphia assessment, considering size, duration, speed, and handwriting fluency. Objective evaluation of dysgraphia may be of help for early diagnosis of PD.
OBJECTIVE: Computerized assessment of dysgraphia in de novo PD patients and its correlation with clinical scales.
METHODS: We evaluated 38 recently diagnosed, premedication PD patients and age-matched controls without neurological disorders. Participants wrote \"La casa de Pamplona es bonita\" three times on paper and once on a Wacom tablet under the paper, totaling four phrases. Writing segments of 5-10 s were analyzed. The Wacom tablet captured kinematic data, including mean velocity, mean acceleration, and pen pressure. Data were saved in.svc format and analyzed using specialized software developed by Tecnocampus Mataró. Standard clinical practice data, Hoehn & Yahr staging, and UPDRS scales were used for evaluation.
RESULTS: Significant kinematic differences existed; patients had lower mean speed (27 ± 12 vs. 48 ± 18, p < 0.0001) and mean acceleration (7.2 ± 3.9 vs. 15.01 ± 7, p < 0.0001) than controls. Mean speed and mean acceleration correlated significantly with UPDRS III scores (speed: r = -0.52, p < 0.0007; acceleration: r = 0.60, p < 0.0001), indicating kinematic parameters\' potential in PD evaluation.
CONCLUSIONS: Dysgraphia is identifiable in PD patients, even de novo, indicating an early symptom and correlates with clinical scales, offering potential for objective PD patient evaluation.
OBJECTIVE: Computerized assessment of dysgraphia in de novo PD patients and its correlation with clinical scales.
METHODS: We evaluated 38 recently diagnosed, premedication PD patients and age-matched controls without neurological disorders. Participants wrote \"La casa de Pamplona es bonita\" three times on paper and once on a Wacom tablet under the paper, totaling four phrases. Writing segments of 5-10 s were analyzed. The Wacom tablet captured kinematic data, including mean velocity, mean acceleration, and pen pressure. Data were saved in.svc format and analyzed using specialized software developed by Tecnocampus Mataró. Standard clinical practice data, Hoehn & Yahr staging, and UPDRS scales were used for evaluation.
RESULTS: Significant kinematic differences existed; patients had lower mean speed (27 ± 12 vs. 48 ± 18, p < 0.0001) and mean acceleration (7.2 ± 3.9 vs. 15.01 ± 7, p < 0.0001) than controls. Mean speed and mean acceleration correlated significantly with UPDRS III scores (speed: r = -0.52, p < 0.0007; acceleration: r = 0.60, p < 0.0001), indicating kinematic parameters\' potential in PD evaluation.
CONCLUSIONS: Dysgraphia is identifiable in PD patients, even de novo, indicating an early symptom and correlates with clinical scales, offering potential for objective PD patient evaluation.
摘要：
背景：书写困难，公认的PD运动症状，缺乏有效的临床评估。当前的评估依赖于运动评估量表。过去十年引入的计算方法提供了客观的书写困难评估，考虑到尺寸，持续时间,速度,和笔迹流畅。客观评价书写障碍可能有助于PD的早期诊断。
目的：新发PD患者书写障碍的计算机评估及其与临床量表的相关性。
方法：我们评估了最近诊断的38例，术前用药PD患者和年龄匹配的对照组无神经系统疾病。参与者在纸上写了三遍“LacasadePamplonaesbonita”，一次在纸下的Wacom平板电脑上，总共四个短语。分析了5-10s的写作片段。Wacom平板电脑捕获了运动学数据，包括平均速度，平均加速度,笔的压力。数据已保存在中。svc格式，并使用TecnocadusMataró开发的专业软件进行分析。标准临床实践数据，Hoehn&Yahr分期，和UPDRS量表用于评估。
结果：存在明显的运动学差异；患者的平均速度较低（27±12vs.48±18，p<0.0001）和平均加速度（7.2±3.9与比对照组15.01±7，p<0.0001）。平均速度和平均加速度与UPDRSIII评分显着相关（速度：r=-0.52，p<0.0007；加速度：r=0.60，p<0.0001），在PD评估中指示运动学参数的潜力。
结论：在PD患者中可以识别出书写障碍，即使是从头，表明早期症状并与临床量表相关，为客观的PD患者评估提供了潜力。
目的：新发PD患者书写障碍的计算机评估及其与临床量表的相关性。
方法：我们评估了最近诊断的38例，术前用药PD患者和年龄匹配的对照组无神经系统疾病。参与者在纸上写了三遍“LacasadePamplonaesbonita”，一次在纸下的Wacom平板电脑上，总共四个短语。分析了5-10s的写作片段。Wacom平板电脑捕获了运动学数据，包括平均速度，平均加速度,笔的压力。数据已保存在中。svc格式，并使用TecnocadusMataró开发的专业软件进行分析。标准临床实践数据，Hoehn&Yahr分期，和UPDRS量表用于评估。
结果：存在明显的运动学差异；患者的平均速度较低（27±12vs.48±18，p<0.0001）和平均加速度（7.2±3.9与比对照组15.01±7，p<0.0001）。平均速度和平均加速度与UPDRSIII评分显着相关（速度：r=-0.52，p<0.0007；加速度：r=0.60，p<0.0001），在PD评估中指示运动学参数的潜力。
结论：在PD患者中可以识别出书写障碍，即使是从头，表明早期症状并与临床量表相关，为客观的PD患者评估提供了潜力。
