Abstract：
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ligaments play crucial roles in its function or dysfunction. The objective of this study was to describe the macro and microscopic morphology of these ligaments in domestic pigs, aiming to: (1) expand knowledge about the species; (2) provide anatomical references for advancing veterinary therapy and utilizing pigs as animal models in craniofacial research. Heads of young Sus scrofa domesticus were dissected to identify TMJ ligaments. Fragments of these ligaments were collected and processed for subsequent histological analysis with Haematoxylin and eosin staining. The results were qualitatively described. Pigs exhibited a TMJ reinforced by three individualized capsular ligaments: a lateral ligament, attaching to the ventral margin of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the lateral margin of the mandibular neck; a caudomedial ligament, attaching to the retroarticular process of the squamous part of the temporal bone and the caudomedial margin of the mandibular neck and a caudolateral ligament, attaching to the ventral margin of the base of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the caudal margin of the mandibular neck. The lateral ligament exhibited a greater constitution of dense irregular connective tissue, while the caudomedial and caudolateral ligaments showed a greater constitution of dense regular connective tissue. It is concluded that the TMJ of pigs presents one more ligament than horses, cattle, dogs, cats and what has been described for pigs themselves. We believe these results may contribute to the improvement of veterinary clinical and surgical therapy overall, as well as provide essential morphological information for a better interpretation and application of interspecies results in craniofacial research using pigs as an experimental model, as in the case of humans.
摘要：
颞下颌关节（TMJ）韧带在其功能或功能障碍中起着至关重要的作用。这项研究的目的是描述家猪的这些韧带的宏观和微观形态，旨在：（1）扩大对该物种的认识；（2）为推进兽医治疗和在颅面研究中利用猪作为动物模型提供解剖学参考。解剖了幼年Susscrofadomesticus的头部，以鉴定TMJ韧带。收集这些韧带的片段并处理用于随后的用苏木精和曙红染色的组织学分析。对结果进行了定性描述。猪表现出通过三个个性化的囊韧带增强的TMJ：侧韧带，附着于颞骨的the突的腹缘和下颌颈的外侧缘；尾中韧带，连接到颞骨鳞状部分的关节后突和下颌颈的尾内侧缘和尾外侧韧带，附着于颞骨zy突基部的腹缘和下颌颈的尾缘。外侧韧带表现出更大的致密不规则结缔组织构成，而尾内侧和尾外侧韧带显示出更大的致密规则结缔组织构成。结论是猪的TMJ比马多一个韧带，牛,狗,猫和猪自己描述的东西。我们相信这些结果可能有助于兽医临床和外科治疗的整体改善，以及提供必要的形态学信息，更好地解释和应用种间结果在颅面研究使用猪作为实验模型，就像人类一样。
