Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Published evidence suggests that cognitive impairment during a TGA (transient global amnesia) spell may not be confined to episodic memory. We undertook a systematic review to determine the pattern of cognitive deficits during a TGA episode. As a secondary objective, we aimed to delineate the course of cognitive recovery.
METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Google scholar were systematically searched up to October 2023. Observational controlled studies including 10 or more TGA patients (Hodges and Warlow criteria) were retrieved. Data from case-control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies were reviewed and qualitatively synthesized.
RESULTS: Literature search yielded 1302 articles. After the screening of titles and abstracts, 115 full texts were retrieved and 17 of them were included in the present systematic review. During the acute phase, spatiotemporal disorientation, dense anterograde and variable retrograde amnesia, semantic memory retrieval difficulties, and working memory deficits comprised the neuropsychological profile of patients with TGA. Visuospatial abilities, attention and psychomotor speed, semantic memory, confrontation naming, and other measures of executive function (apart from semantic fluency and working memory) were consistently found normal. In the course of recovery, after the resolution of repetitive questioning, the restoration of spatiotemporal orientation follows, working memory and semantic memory retrieval ensue, while episodic memory impairment persists for longer. Meticulous evaluations may reveal subtle residual memory (especially recognition) deficits even after 24 h.
CONCLUSIONS: Μemory impairment, spatiotemporal disorientation, and working memory deficits constitute the pattern of cognitive impairment during a TGA spell. Residual memory deficits may persist even after 24 h.
METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Google scholar were systematically searched up to October 2023. Observational controlled studies including 10 or more TGA patients (Hodges and Warlow criteria) were retrieved. Data from case-control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies were reviewed and qualitatively synthesized.
RESULTS: Literature search yielded 1302 articles. After the screening of titles and abstracts, 115 full texts were retrieved and 17 of them were included in the present systematic review. During the acute phase, spatiotemporal disorientation, dense anterograde and variable retrograde amnesia, semantic memory retrieval difficulties, and working memory deficits comprised the neuropsychological profile of patients with TGA. Visuospatial abilities, attention and psychomotor speed, semantic memory, confrontation naming, and other measures of executive function (apart from semantic fluency and working memory) were consistently found normal. In the course of recovery, after the resolution of repetitive questioning, the restoration of spatiotemporal orientation follows, working memory and semantic memory retrieval ensue, while episodic memory impairment persists for longer. Meticulous evaluations may reveal subtle residual memory (especially recognition) deficits even after 24 h.
CONCLUSIONS: Μemory impairment, spatiotemporal disorientation, and working memory deficits constitute the pattern of cognitive impairment during a TGA spell. Residual memory deficits may persist even after 24 h.
摘要：
目的：已发表的证据表明，TGA（短暂性整体健忘症）法术中的认知障碍可能不仅限于情景记忆。我们进行了系统评价，以确定TGA发作期间认知缺陷的模式。作为次要目标，我们旨在描述认知恢复的过程。
方法：MEDLINE，EMBASE,中部,和谷歌学者进行了系统搜索，直到2023年10月。检索了包括10名或更多TGA患者（Hodges和Warlow标准）的观察性对照研究。来自病例控制的数据，横截面,和队列研究进行了回顾和定性合成。
结果：文献检索产生1302篇文章。在筛选标题和摘要后，检索到115篇全文，其中17篇纳入本系统综述。在急性期,时空迷失方向，密集的顺行和可变的逆行性健忘症，语义记忆检索困难，工作记忆障碍包括TGA患者的神经心理学特征。视觉空间能力，注意力和精神运动速度，语义记忆，对抗命名,和执行功能的其他测量（除了语义流畅性和工作记忆）始终被认为是正常的。在恢复的过程中,在解决重复提问后，时空取向的恢复如下，工作记忆和语义记忆检索随之而来，而情景记忆障碍持续的时间更长。即使在24小时后，细致的评估也可能显示出细微的残留记忆（尤其是识别）缺陷。
结论：默默里损害，时空迷失方向，工作记忆缺陷构成了TGA法术中认知障碍的模式。即使在24小时后，残余记忆缺陷也可能持续存在。
方法：MEDLINE，EMBASE,中部,和谷歌学者进行了系统搜索，直到2023年10月。检索了包括10名或更多TGA患者（Hodges和Warlow标准）的观察性对照研究。来自病例控制的数据，横截面,和队列研究进行了回顾和定性合成。
结果：文献检索产生1302篇文章。在筛选标题和摘要后，检索到115篇全文，其中17篇纳入本系统综述。在急性期,时空迷失方向，密集的顺行和可变的逆行性健忘症，语义记忆检索困难，工作记忆障碍包括TGA患者的神经心理学特征。视觉空间能力，注意力和精神运动速度，语义记忆，对抗命名,和执行功能的其他测量（除了语义流畅性和工作记忆）始终被认为是正常的。在恢复的过程中,在解决重复提问后，时空取向的恢复如下，工作记忆和语义记忆检索随之而来，而情景记忆障碍持续的时间更长。即使在24小时后，细致的评估也可能显示出细微的残留记忆（尤其是识别）缺陷。
结论：默默里损害，时空迷失方向，工作记忆缺陷构成了TGA法术中认知障碍的模式。即使在24小时后，残余记忆缺陷也可能持续存在。
