PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Dementia-related impairments can cause complex barriers to access, use, and adopt digital health technologies (DHTs). These barriers can contribute to digital health inequities. Therefore, literature-based design principles called DEMIGNED have been developed to support the design and evaluation of DHTs for this rapidly increasing population.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to apply the DEMIGNED principles in usability evaluation methods to (1) capture usability problems on a mobile website providing information resources for people visiting a memory clinic, including those living with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or dementia, and (2) investigate the realness of usability problems captured by the DEMIGNED principles in expert testing, specifically for mobile websites that act as a means of providing DHTs.
METHODS: First, a heuristic evaluation was conducted, with the DEMIGNED principles serving as domain-specific guidelines, with 3 double experts (experienced in both usability and dementia) and 2 usability engineering experts. Second, think-aloud sessions were conducted with patients visiting a memory clinic who were living with SCD, MCI, or dementia.
RESULTS: The heuristic evaluation resulted in 36 unique usability problems. A representative sample of 7 people visiting a memory clinic participated in a think-aloud session, including 4 (57%) with SCD, 1 (14%) with MCI, and 2 (29%) with dementia. The analysis of the think-aloud sessions revealed 181 encounters with usability problems. Of these encounters, 144 (79.6%) could be mapped to 18 usability problems identified in the heuristic evaluation. The remaining 37 (20.4%) encounters from the user testing revealed another 10 unique usability problems. Usability problems frequently described in the think-aloud sessions encompassed difficulties with using the search function, discrepancies between the user\'s expectations and the content organization, the need for scrolling, information overload, and unclear system feedback.
CONCLUSIONS: By applying the DEMIGNED principles in expert testing, evaluators were able to capture 79.6% (144/181) of all usability problem encounters in the user testing of a mobile website for people visiting a memory clinic, including people living with dementia. Regarding unique usability problems, 50% (18/36) of the unique usability problems identified during the heuristic evaluation were captured by the user-testing sessions. Future research should look into the applicability of the DEMIGNED principles to other digital health functionalities to increase the accessibility of digital health and decrease digital health inequity for this complex and rapidly increasing population.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to apply the DEMIGNED principles in usability evaluation methods to (1) capture usability problems on a mobile website providing information resources for people visiting a memory clinic, including those living with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or dementia, and (2) investigate the realness of usability problems captured by the DEMIGNED principles in expert testing, specifically for mobile websites that act as a means of providing DHTs.
METHODS: First, a heuristic evaluation was conducted, with the DEMIGNED principles serving as domain-specific guidelines, with 3 double experts (experienced in both usability and dementia) and 2 usability engineering experts. Second, think-aloud sessions were conducted with patients visiting a memory clinic who were living with SCD, MCI, or dementia.
RESULTS: The heuristic evaluation resulted in 36 unique usability problems. A representative sample of 7 people visiting a memory clinic participated in a think-aloud session, including 4 (57%) with SCD, 1 (14%) with MCI, and 2 (29%) with dementia. The analysis of the think-aloud sessions revealed 181 encounters with usability problems. Of these encounters, 144 (79.6%) could be mapped to 18 usability problems identified in the heuristic evaluation. The remaining 37 (20.4%) encounters from the user testing revealed another 10 unique usability problems. Usability problems frequently described in the think-aloud sessions encompassed difficulties with using the search function, discrepancies between the user\'s expectations and the content organization, the need for scrolling, information overload, and unclear system feedback.
CONCLUSIONS: By applying the DEMIGNED principles in expert testing, evaluators were able to capture 79.6% (144/181) of all usability problem encounters in the user testing of a mobile website for people visiting a memory clinic, including people living with dementia. Regarding unique usability problems, 50% (18/36) of the unique usability problems identified during the heuristic evaluation were captured by the user-testing sessions. Future research should look into the applicability of the DEMIGNED principles to other digital health functionalities to increase the accessibility of digital health and decrease digital health inequity for this complex and rapidly increasing population.
摘要：
背景：与痴呆症相关的损伤会导致复杂的障碍，使用,并采用数字健康技术（DHT）。这些障碍可能导致数字健康不平等。因此,已经开发了基于文献的设计原则，称为DEMIGNED，以支持针对这种快速增长的人口的DHT的设计和评估。
目的：本研究旨在将DEMIGNED原则应用于可用性评估方法，以（1）在移动网站上捕获可用性问题，为访问记忆诊所的人们提供信息资源，包括那些患有主观认知能力下降(SCD)的人，轻度认知障碍（MCI），或者痴呆症，（2）调查专家测试中删除原则捕获的可用性问题的真实性，特别适用于作为提供DHT手段的移动网站。
方法：首先，进行了启发式评估，DEMIGNED原则作为特定领域的指导方针，拥有3名双重专家（在可用性和痴呆症方面都有经验）和2名可用性工程专家。第二,对患有SCD的患者进行了大声思考，MCI或痴呆症。
结果：启发式评估导致了36个独特的可用性问题。参观记忆诊所的7人的代表性样本参加了一次大声思考会议，包括4例（57%）患有SCD，1例（14%）患有MCI，2例（29%）患有痴呆症。对大声思考会话的分析表明，有181次遇到可用性问题。在这些相遇中，144（79.6％）可以映射到启发式评估中确定的18个可用性问题。用户测试中剩下的37次（20.4%）暴露了另外10个独特的可用性问题。在大声思考会话中经常描述的可用性问题包括使用搜索功能的困难，用户的期望和内容组织之间的差异，需要滚动，信息过载，和不明确的系统反馈。
结论：通过在专家测试中应用DEMIGNED原则，评估人员能够捕获79.6％（144/181）的所有可用性问题遇到在移动网站的用户测试访问记忆诊所的人，包括痴呆症患者。关于独特的可用性问题，在启发式评估过程中发现的50％（18/36）的独特可用性问题是由用户测试会话捕获的。未来的研究应该研究DEMIGNED原则对其他数字健康功能的适用性，以增加数字健康的可及性，并减少这个复杂和快速增长的人口的数字健康不平等。
目的：本研究旨在将DEMIGNED原则应用于可用性评估方法，以（1）在移动网站上捕获可用性问题，为访问记忆诊所的人们提供信息资源，包括那些患有主观认知能力下降(SCD)的人，轻度认知障碍（MCI），或者痴呆症，（2）调查专家测试中删除原则捕获的可用性问题的真实性，特别适用于作为提供DHT手段的移动网站。
方法：首先，进行了启发式评估，DEMIGNED原则作为特定领域的指导方针，拥有3名双重专家（在可用性和痴呆症方面都有经验）和2名可用性工程专家。第二,对患有SCD的患者进行了大声思考，MCI或痴呆症。
结果：启发式评估导致了36个独特的可用性问题。参观记忆诊所的7人的代表性样本参加了一次大声思考会议，包括4例（57%）患有SCD，1例（14%）患有MCI，2例（29%）患有痴呆症。对大声思考会话的分析表明，有181次遇到可用性问题。在这些相遇中，144（79.6％）可以映射到启发式评估中确定的18个可用性问题。用户测试中剩下的37次（20.4%）暴露了另外10个独特的可用性问题。在大声思考会话中经常描述的可用性问题包括使用搜索功能的困难，用户的期望和内容组织之间的差异，需要滚动，信息过载，和不明确的系统反馈。
结论：通过在专家测试中应用DEMIGNED原则，评估人员能够捕获79.6％（144/181）的所有可用性问题遇到在移动网站的用户测试访问记忆诊所的人，包括痴呆症患者。关于独特的可用性问题，在启发式评估过程中发现的50％（18/36）的独特可用性问题是由用户测试会话捕获的。未来的研究应该研究DEMIGNED原则对其他数字健康功能的适用性，以增加数字健康的可及性，并减少这个复杂和快速增长的人口的数字健康不平等。
