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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (STLV-1) is a retrovirus closely related to human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). It has been shown that Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata, JMs) are one of the main hosts of STLV-1 and that a high percentage of JMs (up to 60%) are infected with STLV-1; however, the molecular epidemiology of STLV-1 in JMs has not been examined.
METHODS: In this study, we analyzed full-length STLV-1 genome sequences obtained from 5 independent troops including a total of 68 JMs.
RESULTS: The overall nucleotide heterogeneity was 4.7%, and the heterogeneity among the troops was 2.1%, irrespective of the formation of distinct subclusters in each troop. Moreover, the heterogeneity within each troop was extremely low (>99% genome homology) compared with cases of STLV-1 in African non-human primates as well as humans. It was previously reported that frequent G-to-A single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) occur in HTLV-1 proviral genomes in both ATL patients and HTLV-1 carriers, and that a G-to-A hypermutation is associated with the cellular antiviral restriction factor, Apobec3G. Surprisingly, these SNVs were scarcely observed in the STLV-1 genomes in JMs.
CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these results indicate that STLV-1 genomes in JMs are highly homologous, at least in part due to the lack of Apobec3G-dependent G-to-A hypermutation.
METHODS: In this study, we analyzed full-length STLV-1 genome sequences obtained from 5 independent troops including a total of 68 JMs.
RESULTS: The overall nucleotide heterogeneity was 4.7%, and the heterogeneity among the troops was 2.1%, irrespective of the formation of distinct subclusters in each troop. Moreover, the heterogeneity within each troop was extremely low (>99% genome homology) compared with cases of STLV-1 in African non-human primates as well as humans. It was previously reported that frequent G-to-A single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) occur in HTLV-1 proviral genomes in both ATL patients and HTLV-1 carriers, and that a G-to-A hypermutation is associated with the cellular antiviral restriction factor, Apobec3G. Surprisingly, these SNVs were scarcely observed in the STLV-1 genomes in JMs.
CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these results indicate that STLV-1 genomes in JMs are highly homologous, at least in part due to the lack of Apobec3G-dependent G-to-A hypermutation.
摘要：
背景：猿猴T细胞白血病病毒1型（STLV-1）是一种与人类T细胞白血病病毒1型（HTLV-1）密切相关的逆转录病毒，成人T细胞白血病（ATL）的病原体。已经证明，日本猕猴(Macacafuscata，JMs）是STLV-1的主要宿主之一，并且很高比例的JMs（高达60％）感染了STLV-1；但是，JMs中STLV-1的分子流行病学尚未检查。
方法：在本研究中，我们分析了从5个独立部队获得的全长STLV-1基因组序列，包括总共68个JMs。
结果：总体核苷酸异质性为4.7％，部队之间的异质性是2.1%，无论在每个部队中形成不同的子组。此外，与非洲非人灵长类动物和人类的STLV-1病例相比,每个部队内部的异质性极低(基因组同源性>99%).先前有报道称，ATL患者和HTLV-1携带者的HTLV-1前病毒基因组中会出现频繁的G-to-A单核苷酸变异（SNV），并且G到A的超突变与细胞抗病毒限制因子有关，Apobe3G.令人惊讶的是,这些SNV在JMs的STLV-1基因组中几乎没有观察到。
结论：综合起来，这些结果表明JMs中的STLV-1基因组是高度同源的，至少部分是由于缺乏Apobe3G依赖性G-to-A超突变。
方法：在本研究中，我们分析了从5个独立部队获得的全长STLV-1基因组序列，包括总共68个JMs。
结果：总体核苷酸异质性为4.7％，部队之间的异质性是2.1%，无论在每个部队中形成不同的子组。此外，与非洲非人灵长类动物和人类的STLV-1病例相比,每个部队内部的异质性极低(基因组同源性>99%).先前有报道称，ATL患者和HTLV-1携带者的HTLV-1前病毒基因组中会出现频繁的G-to-A单核苷酸变异（SNV），并且G到A的超突变与细胞抗病毒限制因子有关，Apobe3G.令人惊讶的是,这些SNV在JMs的STLV-1基因组中几乎没有观察到。
结论：综合起来，这些结果表明JMs中的STLV-1基因组是高度同源的，至少部分是由于缺乏Apobe3G依赖性G-to-A超突变。
