Abstract：
Anxiety disorders are among the most commonly diagnosed mental health disorders in the United States - affecting over 40 million adults per year. Although anxiety disorders are commonly treated via psychotherapy and/or pharmacotherapy, there is also accumulating evidence to suggest that physical activity and exercise may play an important role in prevention and treatment. This chapter provides an extensive overview of literature examining the effects of physical activity, acute bouts of exercise, and chronic exercise training on several anxiety outcomes, primarily in adults. The collective evidence to date suggests that: (1) an acute bout of aerobic or resistance exercise generally results in reductions in state anxiety among adults with and without clinical anxiety disorders, (2) greater levels of physical activity are associated with fewer anxiety symptoms and a reduced likelihood of developing an anxiety disorder, (3) exercise training (aerobic and resistance) appears to reduce general anxiety symptoms in adults without a clinical anxiety disorder and adults with a chronic illness (e.g., cardiovascular disease) and may reduce disorder-specific symptoms of anxiety in adults with a clinical anxiety disorder. Although the collective body of evidence is promising, there is a need for additional well-designed and adequately powered randomized controlled trials, especially among adults with clinical anxiety disorders.
摘要：
焦虑症是美国最常见的精神健康疾病之一，每年影响超过4000万成年人。虽然焦虑症通常通过心理治疗和/或药物治疗，也有越来越多的证据表明，身体活动和锻炼可能在预防和治疗中起重要作用。本章提供了广泛的文献概述，研究身体活动的影响，剧烈的运动，和一些焦虑结果的慢性运动训练，主要是成年人。迄今为止的集体证据表明：（1）急性有氧或抵抗运动通常会导致有或没有临床焦虑症的成年人的状态焦虑减少，（2）更高水平的体力活动与更少的焦虑症状和减少患焦虑症的可能性相关，（3）运动训练（有氧和抵抗）似乎可以减少没有临床焦虑症的成年人和患有慢性疾病的成年人的一般焦虑症状（例如，心血管疾病），并且可以减轻患有临床焦虑症的成年人的焦虑症特定症状。尽管集体证据很有希望，需要额外的精心设计和足够有力的随机对照试验，尤其是在患有临床焦虑症的成年人中。
