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Abstract：
Maintaining cleaner and more sustainable ecosystems by mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock through dietary manipulation is in demand. This study was aimed to assess the effect of Moringa oleifera seeds and probiotics (Pediococcus acidilactici BX-B122 and Bacillus coagulans BX-B118) as feed supplements on GHG production and fermentation profile from steers and sheep. The treatments included diets containing 0, 6, 12, and 18% of M. oleifera seeds meal and a mixture of probiotic bacteria (0.2 ml/g of diet). Total biogas production, CH4, CO, and H2S emission from animals (up to 48 h), rumen fermentation profile, and CH4 conversion efficiency were recorded using standard protocols. Results showed interaction among M. oleifera seeds and probiotics on asymptotic biogas production and total biogas production up to 48 h (P < 0.05). The rate of CH4 emission in steers was reduced from 0.1694 to 0.0447 ml/h using 6 and 18% of M. oleifera seeds (P < 0.05). Asymptotic CO and the rate of CO production were increased (P < 0.05) by supplementing different doses of M. oleifera seeds and probiotics. Adding 12% of M. oleifera seeds and probiotics reduced H2S production from 0.0675 to 0.0112 ml H2S/g DM (at 48 h of fermentation) in steers. In sheep, the additives mitigated H2S production from 0.0364 to 0.0029 ml H2S/g DM (at 48 h of fermentation), however there were not interaction (P = 0.7744). In addition, M. oleifera seeds and probiotics reduced the pH level and dry matter degradability (DMD) in steers and sheep (P < 0.0001) showing a positive impact on CH4:ME and CH4:OM (in steers) and CH4:SCFA (in sheep), while the interaction was not significant (P > 0.05) for CH4:SCFA (in steers) and CH4:ME and CH4:OM (in sheep). In conclusion, the interaction of M. oleifera seeds and probiotics in the feeding diet reduced GHG emissions and affected the fermentation profile of steers and sheep.
摘要：
需要通过饮食控制减少牲畜的温室气体（GHG）排放来维持更清洁，更可持续的生态系统。本研究旨在评估辣木种子和益生菌（乳酸片球菌BX-B122和凝结芽孢杆菌BX-B118）作为饲料补充剂对牛和绵羊的GHG生产和发酵状况的影响。处理包括含有0、6、12和18%油菌种子粉和益生菌混合物的饮食(0.2ml/g饮食)。总沼气产量，CH4,CO,和动物的H2S排放（长达48小时），瘤胃发酵概况，使用标准方案记录CH4转化效率。结果表明，木瓜种子和益生菌之间的相互作用对渐近沼气产量和总沼气产量的影响可达48h（P<0.05）。使用6％和18％的油菌种子，牛的CH4排放速率从0.1694降低到0.0447ml/h（P<0.05）。通过补充不同剂量的油菌种子和益生菌，增加了渐近CO和CO产生率（P<0.05）。添加12％的油菌种子和益生菌可将牛中的H2S产量从0.0675降低至0.0112mlH2S/gDM（发酵48小时）。在羊，添加剂将H2S的产生从0.0364减少到0.0029mlH2S/gDM（在发酵48小时时），然而没有相互作用(P=0.7744)。此外,油菌种子和益生菌降低了牛和绵羊的pH水平和干物质降解能力（DMD）（P<0.0001），对CH4：ME和CH4：OM（牛）和CH4：SCFA（绵羊）有积极影响，而CH4：SCFA（在牛中）和CH4：ME和CH4：OM（在绵羊中）的相互作用不显著（P>0.05）。总之,饲粮中油菌种子和益生菌的相互作用减少了GHG的排放，并影响了牛和绵羊的发酵状况。
