PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Microbiota, the communities of microbes on and in organisms or organic matter, are essential for the functioning of ecosystems. How microbes are shared and transmitted delineates the formation of a microbiota. As pollinators forage, they offer a route to transfer microbes among the flowering plants, themselves, and their nests. To assess how the two components of the microbiota, bacteria and fungi, in pollination communities are shared and transferred, we focused on the honey bee Apis mellifera and collected honey bee, honey (representing the hive microbiota), and flower samples three times during the summer in Finland. We identified the bacteria and fungi by DNA metabarcoding. To determine the impact of honey bees\' flower choices on the honey bee and hive microbiota, we identified also plant DNA in honey. The bacterial communities of honey bees, honey, and flowers all differ greatly from each other, while the fungal communities of honey bees and honey are very similar, yet different from flowers. The time of the summer and the sampling area influence all these microbiota. For flowers, the plant identity impacts both bacterial and fungal communities\' composition the most. For the dispersal pathways of bacteria to honey bees, they are acquired directly from the honey and indirectly from flowers through the honey, while fungi are directly transmitted to honey bees from flowers. Overall, the distinctiveness of the microbiota of honey bees, honey, and the surrounding flowers suggests the sharing of microbes among them occurs but plays a minor role for the established microbiota.
摘要：
微生物,生物体或有机物质上和中的微生物群落，对生态系统的运作至关重要。微生物如何共享和传播描述了微生物群的形成。当传粉者觅食时，它们提供了在开花植物中转移微生物的途径，自己,和他们的巢。为了评估微生物群的两个组成部分，细菌和真菌，在授粉社区是共享和转移的，我们专注于蜜蜂Apismellifera和收集蜜蜂，蜂蜜（代表蜂巢微生物群），在芬兰的夏天，花样本三次。我们通过DNA元编码鉴定了细菌和真菌。为了确定蜜蜂花的选择对蜜蜂和蜂巢微生物群的影响，我们还鉴定了蜂蜜中的植物DNA。蜜蜂的细菌群落，蜂蜜,和花都有很大的不同，蜜蜂和蜂蜜的真菌群落非常相似，与花不同。夏季的时间和采样面积会影响所有这些微生物群。对于鲜花，植物身份对细菌和真菌群落组成的影响最大。对于细菌向蜜蜂的传播途径，它们直接从蜂蜜中获得，通过蜂蜜间接从花中获得，而真菌则直接从花传播给蜜蜂。总的来说,蜜蜂微生物群的独特性，蜂蜜,周围的花朵表明它们之间存在微生物的共享，但对已建立的微生物群起着次要的作用。
