PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Plants must cope with ever-changing temperature conditions in their environment. In many plant species, suboptimal high and low temperatures can induce adaptive mechanisms that allow optimal performance. Thermomorphogenesis is the acclimation to high ambient temperature, whereas cold acclimation refers to the acquisition of cold tolerance following a period of low temperatures. The molecular mechanisms underlying thermomorphogenesis and cold acclimation are increasingly well understood but neither signalling components that have an apparent role in acclimation to both cold and warmth, nor factors determining dose-responsiveness, are currently well defined. This can be explained in part by practical limitations, as applying temperature gradients requires the use of multiple growth conditions simultaneously, usually unavailable in research laboratories. Here we demonstrate that commercially available thermal gradient tables can be used to grow and assess plants over a defined and adjustable steep temperature gradient within one experiment. We describe technical and thermodynamic aspects and provide considerations for plant growth and treatment. We show that plants display the expected morphological, physiological, developmental and molecular responses that are typically associated with high temperature and cold acclimation. This includes temperature dose-response effects on seed germination, hypocotyl elongation, leaf development, hyponasty, rosette growth, temperature marker gene expression, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, ion leakage and hydrogen peroxide levels. In conclusion, thermal gradient table systems enable standardized and predictable environments to study plant responses to varying temperature regimes and can be swiftly implemented in research on temperature signalling and response.
摘要：
植物必须应对环境中不断变化的温度条件。在许多植物物种中，次优的高温和低温会引起适应性机制，从而实现最佳性能。热形态发生是对高环境温度的适应，而冷适应是指在一段低温之后获得耐寒性。热形态发生和冷适应的分子机制越来越被人们所理解，但信号成分在适应寒冷和温暖方面都没有明显的作用。也不是决定剂量反应性的因素，目前定义良好。这可以部分解释为实际的局限性，因为应用温度梯度需要同时使用多个生长条件，通常在研究实验室中不可用。在这里，我们证明了市售的热梯度表可用于在一个实验中在定义的和可调节的陡峭温度梯度下生长和评估植物。我们描述了技术和热力学方面，并提供了植物生长和处理的注意事项。我们表明植物表现出预期的形态，生理,发育和分子反应通常与高温和冷适应有关。这包括温度对种子萌发的剂量效应，下胚轴伸长，叶片发育，催眠，玫瑰花结生长,温度标记基因表达，气孔导度,叶绿素含量，离子泄漏和过氧化氢水平。总之,热梯度表系统使标准化和可预测的环境能够研究植物对不同温度状态的响应，并且可以在温度信号和响应研究中迅速实施。
