PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Distracted driving is responsible for nearly 1 million crashes each year in the United States alone, and a major source of driver distraction is handheld phone use. We conducted a randomized, controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of interventions designed to create sustained reductions in handheld use while driving (NCT04587609). Participants were 1,653 consenting Progressive® Snapshot® usage-based auto insurance customers ages 18 to 77 who averaged at least 2 min/h of handheld use while driving in the month prior to study invitation. They were randomly assigned to one of five arms for a 10-wk intervention period. Arm 1 (control) got education about the risks of handheld phone use, as did the other arms. Arm 2 got a free phone mount to facilitate hands-free use. Arm 3 got the mount plus a commitment exercise and tips for hands-free use. Arm 4 got the mount, commitment, and tips plus weekly goal gamification and social competition. Arm 5 was the same as Arm 4, plus offered behaviorally designed financial incentives. Postintervention, participants were monitored until the end of their insurance rating period, 25 to 65 d more. Outcome differences were measured using fractional logistic regression. Arm 4 participants, who received gamification and competition, reduced their handheld use by 20.5% relative to control (P < 0.001); Arm 5 participants, who additionally received financial incentives, reduced their use by 27.6% (P < 0.001). Both groups sustained these reductions through the end of their insurance rating period.
摘要：
仅在美国，分心驾驶每年就造成近100万起撞车事故，驾驶员分心的主要来源是手持电话的使用。我们做了一个随机的,对照试验，比较旨在持续减少驾驶时手持使用的干预措施的有效性（NCT04587609）。参与者是1,653名同意Progressive®Snapshot®基于使用的汽车保险客户，年龄在18至77岁之间，他们在研究邀请前一个月内驾驶时平均至少2分钟/小时的手持使用。他们被随机分配到五组中的一组，为期10周。第1组（控制）接受了有关手持电话使用风险的教育，其他武器也是如此。手臂2有一个免费的电话安装座，以方便免提使用。手臂3获得了坐骑以及承诺练习和免提使用技巧。四臂得到了坐骑，承诺,和技巧加上每周目标游戏化和社会竞争。第5臂与第4臂相同，并提供了行为设计的财务激励措施。干预后，对参与者进行监测，直到他们的保险评级期结束，25到65d以上。结果差异使用分数逻辑回归进行测量。四臂参与者，谁接受了游戏化和竞争，与对照组相比，他们的手持使用减少了20.5%(P<0.001)；第5组参与者，他们还获得了经济激励，减少了27.6%（P<0.001）。两组在保险评级期结束时都保持了这些减少。
