Abstract：
Mosquitoes are medically important insects, and accurate species identification is crucial to understanding vector biology, forming the cornerstone of successful vector control programs. Identification is difficult owing to morphologically similar species. Wing morphometrics can provide a simple, fast, and accurate way to classify species, and using it as a method to differentiate vector species among its cryptic congeners has been underexplored. Using a total of 227 mosquitoes and 20 landmarks per specimen, we demonstrated the utility of wing morphometrics in differentiating species two groups occurring in sympatry - Culex (Culex) vishnui group and Culex (Lophoceraomyia) subgenus, as well as explored population-level variation in the wing shape of Aedes albopictus across habitats. Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene region was sequenced to validate the morphological and morphometric identification. Procrustes ANOVA regression and CVA based on wing shape reflected that the wing landmarks across all species differed significantly, and leave-one-out cross validation revealed an overall high accuracy of >97% for the two Culex groups. Wing morphometrics uncovered population-level variation within Aedes albopictus, but cross validation accuracy was low. Overall, we show that wing geomorphometric analysis is able to resolve cryptic Culex species (including vectors) occurring sympatrically, and is a robust tool for identifying mosquitoes reliably.
摘要：
蚊子是医学上重要的昆虫，准确的物种识别对于理解媒介生物学至关重要，形成成功的病媒控制程序的基石。由于形态相似的物种，很难进行鉴定。机翼形态计量学可以提供一种简单的，快,以及对物种进行分类的准确方法，并将其用作区分其隐蔽同源物之间的媒介物种的方法。每个样本共使用227只蚊子和20个地标，我们证明了机翼形态计量学在区分共生库蚊（Culex）vishnui群和库蚊（Lophoceraomia）亚属中出现的两组物种中的实用性，以及探索了整个栖息地白纹伊蚊机翼形状的种群水平变化。对细胞色素氧化酶亚基I（COI）基因区域进行测序以验证形态和形态计量学鉴定。ProcrustesANOVA回归和基于机翼形状的CVA反映出所有物种的机翼地标显着不同，和留一法交叉验证显示两个库蚊组的总体高准确度>97%。机翼形态计量学揭示了白纹伊蚊的种群水平变化，但交叉验证准确性较低。总的来说,我们表明，翼地貌分析能够解决共生发生的神秘库蚊物种（包括矢量），并且是可靠识别蚊子的强大工具。
