Abstract：
Forensic practitioners need contemporary anthropological data for the identification of human remains. The clavicle possesses a high degree of variability in its anatomical, biomechanical, and morphological features that are sex-dependent albeit population specific. The aim of this study was to develop sex estimation models for Malaysian individuals using post-mortem computed tomographic images of the clavicle. Sample comprised scans of 2.0 mm resolution of 405 individuals (209 male; 196 female) aged between 19 to 88 years. These scans were reconstructed and visualized using Infinitt. Six clavicular measurements (i.e. maximum length, C1; midshaft circumference, C2; midshaft maximum diameter, C3; midshaft minimum diameter, C4; maximum breadth of the sternal end, C5; and maximum breadth of the acromial articular surface, C6) were obtained from these images. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and discriminant function analysis. Measurements taken from the images were highly precise (ICC = 0.770-0.999). There is a significant difference between all parameters and sex (p < 0.001), however none for age and ethnic group. A multivariate sex estimation model was developed: Sex = (C1*0.86) + (C2*0.236) + (C3*-0.145) + (C5*- 0.074) - 17.618; with an accuracy rate of 89.1 % and sex bias of -3.2 %. Lower accuracy rates were obtained for single variable models (61.5-83.2 %). The resultant sex discriminant models can be used for estimating sex based on the clavicle in our local forensic practice.
摘要：
法医从业者需要当代人类学数据来识别人类遗骸。锁骨在解剖学上具有高度的变异性，生物力学,和形态学特征是性别依赖性的，尽管是人口特异性的。这项研究的目的是使用锁骨的死后计算机断层扫描图像为马来西亚个体开发性别估计模型。样本包括年龄在19至88岁之间的405个个体(209个男性;196个女性)的2.0mm分辨率的扫描。使用Infinitt重建和可视化这些扫描。六次锁骨测量(即最大长度,C1;中轴圆周,C2；中轴最大直径，C3；中轴最小直径，C4；胸骨末端的最大宽度，C5；和肩峰关节面的最大宽度，C6）是从这些图像中获得的。数据采用描述性统计和判别函数分析。从图像获得的测量是高度精确的(ICC=0.770-0.999)。所有参数和性别之间存在显着差异（p<0.001），然而，没有年龄和种族。建立了多变量性别估计模型：性别=（C1*0.86）（C2*0.236）（C3*-0.145）（C5*-0.074）-17.618；准确率为89.1％，性别偏见为-3.2％。单变量模型的准确率较低（61.5-83.2%）。所得的性别判别模型可用于在我们当地的法医实践中基于锁骨估计性别。
