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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Understanding undergraduates\' dietary literacy, including dietary knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP), is important for future health promotion policies. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the current status and influencing factors of dietary literacy in Chinese college undergraduates and explore whether a nutritional lecture could improve their dietary literacy.
METHODS: This study included two parts: a cross-sectional study (n = 1026) conducted by a dietary literacy questionnaire, and a randomized controlled trail (RCT) that enrolled 99 college undergraduates who were randomized to a control group or a nutritional lecture group. Data from the questionnaire and 72 h food records were obtained on day 0, day 3 and day 100 before and after intervention.
RESULTS: This cross-sectional study showed that the mean scores of dietary KAP were respectively 100.0 (33.3), 59.1 (13.6) and 71.7 (11.7), with an excellent rate of 36.6%, 1.9% and 3.4%. Female upper-grade undergraduates and those with medicine-related majors illustrated higher dietary knowledge scores (p < 0.001). Dietary attitude rather than dietary knowledge had a significant impact on dietary practice (p < 0.001). This finding was in line with the results in the RCT study. Compared with the control group, dietary knowledge was significantly improved in the nutritional lecture group on both day 3 (p = 0.002) and day 100 (p = 0.023) after intervention. However, dietary behavior was improved only on day 3 post nutritional lecture (p = 0.029) but decreased to the original level 100 days later (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: This study discovered the unsatisfying status and discrepancy between dietary literacy among college undergraduates of different sex, majors and college years. Dietary attitude instead of dietary knowledge was discovered as a determining role in dietary practice. One nutritional lecture could improve undergraduates\' dietary literacy but the effect was not long-lasting. Further studies with more reinforced and durable interventions are warranted.
METHODS: This study included two parts: a cross-sectional study (n = 1026) conducted by a dietary literacy questionnaire, and a randomized controlled trail (RCT) that enrolled 99 college undergraduates who were randomized to a control group or a nutritional lecture group. Data from the questionnaire and 72 h food records were obtained on day 0, day 3 and day 100 before and after intervention.
RESULTS: This cross-sectional study showed that the mean scores of dietary KAP were respectively 100.0 (33.3), 59.1 (13.6) and 71.7 (11.7), with an excellent rate of 36.6%, 1.9% and 3.4%. Female upper-grade undergraduates and those with medicine-related majors illustrated higher dietary knowledge scores (p < 0.001). Dietary attitude rather than dietary knowledge had a significant impact on dietary practice (p < 0.001). This finding was in line with the results in the RCT study. Compared with the control group, dietary knowledge was significantly improved in the nutritional lecture group on both day 3 (p = 0.002) and day 100 (p = 0.023) after intervention. However, dietary behavior was improved only on day 3 post nutritional lecture (p = 0.029) but decreased to the original level 100 days later (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: This study discovered the unsatisfying status and discrepancy between dietary literacy among college undergraduates of different sex, majors and college years. Dietary attitude instead of dietary knowledge was discovered as a determining role in dietary practice. One nutritional lecture could improve undergraduates\' dietary literacy but the effect was not long-lasting. Further studies with more reinforced and durable interventions are warranted.
摘要：
背景：了解本科生的饮食素养，包括饮食知识，态度与实践（KAP），对未来的健康促进政策很重要。因此,本研究旨在调查我国高校大学生膳食素养现状及影响因素,探讨营养讲座能否提高大学生的膳食素养。
方法：这项研究包括两个部分：通过饮食素养问卷进行的横断面研究（n=1026），以及一项随机对照试验（RCT），招募了99名大学生，他们被随机分为对照组或营养讲座组。在干预前后的第0天，第3天和第100天，从问卷和72小时的食物记录中获得数据。
结果：这项横断面研究表明，饮食KAP的平均得分分别为100.0（33.3），59.1（13.6）和71.7（11.7），优良率为36.6%，1.9%和3.4%。女性高年级本科生和医学相关专业的学生饮食知识得分较高（p<0.001）。饮食态度而不是饮食知识对饮食实践有显着影响（p<0.001）。这一发现与RCT研究的结果一致。与对照组相比,营养讲座组在干预后第3天(p=0.002)和第100天(p=0.023)的饮食知识显著提高.然而,饮食行为仅在营养讲座后第3天得到改善（p=0.029），但在100天后下降至原始水平（p<0.001）。
结论：本研究发现不同性别大学生的膳食素养存在不令人满意的状况和差异，专业和大学年限。发现饮食态度而不是饮食知识是饮食实践中的决定性作用。一次营养讲座可以提高大学生的饮食素养，但效果并不持久。有必要进行更多强化和持久干预措施的进一步研究。
方法：这项研究包括两个部分：通过饮食素养问卷进行的横断面研究（n=1026），以及一项随机对照试验（RCT），招募了99名大学生，他们被随机分为对照组或营养讲座组。在干预前后的第0天，第3天和第100天，从问卷和72小时的食物记录中获得数据。
结果：这项横断面研究表明，饮食KAP的平均得分分别为100.0（33.3），59.1（13.6）和71.7（11.7），优良率为36.6%，1.9%和3.4%。女性高年级本科生和医学相关专业的学生饮食知识得分较高（p<0.001）。饮食态度而不是饮食知识对饮食实践有显着影响（p<0.001）。这一发现与RCT研究的结果一致。与对照组相比,营养讲座组在干预后第3天(p=0.002)和第100天(p=0.023)的饮食知识显著提高.然而,饮食行为仅在营养讲座后第3天得到改善（p=0.029），但在100天后下降至原始水平（p<0.001）。
结论：本研究发现不同性别大学生的膳食素养存在不令人满意的状况和差异，专业和大学年限。发现饮食态度而不是饮食知识是饮食实践中的决定性作用。一次营养讲座可以提高大学生的饮食素养，但效果并不持久。有必要进行更多强化和持久干预措施的进一步研究。
