PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Diets for weight loss have a long history but an ideal one has not yet been clearly identified. To compare low-fat and lower carbohydrate diets, we designed The Preventing Overweight by Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS) Lost study. This is a 2 × 2 factorial study with diets of 20% or 40% fat and 15% or 25% protein with a graded carbohydrate intake of 35, 45, 55 and 65%. Weight loss, overall, was modest at nearly 6% with all four diets, and no significant dietary difference. The variability in weight loss in each diet group was significant, ranging from greater than 20% to a small weight gain. Studies of genetic variations in relation to weight loss showed that the diet that was selected could significantly affect weight loss, emphasizing that there is no ideal diet and more than one diet can be used to treat obesity. Weight loss was also influenced by the level of baseline triiodothyronine or thyroxine, and baseline carbohydrate and insulin resistance. Achieving a stable Health Eating Food Diversity Index, eating more protein, eating more fiber, engaging in more physical activity, sleeping better and eating less ultra-processed foods were beneficial strategies for weight loss in this trial. Although there is no \"ideal diet\", both the DASH diet and the Mediterranean diet have clinical trials showing their significant benefit for cardiovascular risk factors. Finally, the lesson of the \"Last Chance Diet\", which recommended a diet with protein from gelatin, proved that some diets could be hazardous.
摘要：
减肥的饮食历史悠久，但尚未明确确定理想的饮食。为了比较低脂肪和低碳水化合物饮食，我们设计了通过新的饮食策略预防超重（POUNDS）丢失的研究。这是一项2×2阶乘研究，饮食中脂肪含量为20％或40％，蛋白质含量为15％或25％，碳水化合物摄入量为35％，45％，55％和65％。减肥,总的来说,在所有四种饮食中都适度接近6%，并且没有显著的饮食差异。每个饮食组的体重减轻差异显著，从大于20%到小的体重增加。与体重减轻有关的遗传变异研究表明，选择的饮食可以显着影响体重减轻，强调没有理想的饮食，一种以上的饮食可以用来治疗肥胖。体重减轻还受基线三碘甲状腺原氨酸或甲状腺素水平的影响，和基线碳水化合物和胰岛素抵抗。实现稳定的健康饮食多样性指数，多吃蛋白质,吃更多的纤维，从事更多的体力活动，在本试验中,睡得更好,少吃超加工食品是减肥的有益策略.虽然没有“理想的饮食”，DASH饮食和地中海饮食都有临床试验显示它们对心血管危险因素的显著益处.最后,“最后的机会饮食”的教训，建议使用明胶中的蛋白质饮食，证明某些饮食可能是有害的。
