PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The International Breakfast Research Initiative is a global study of breakfast nutrition, involving 17 countries in four continents, aiming to derive nutrient-based regional recommendations for breakfast. This study aimed to propose a harmonised recommendation for three South-East Asian countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. For each country, data from nationally representative dietary surveys on the contribution of breakfast to daily nutrient intakes at both the adult population level and at the level of the upper tertile of daily nutrient density using the Nutrient Rich Food (NRF) Index were collated and examined. Energy intakes at breakfast ranged from 26 to 27% of daily energy intake. In all three countries, breakfast was carbohydrate-rich, providing 52 to 72% of breakfast energy intake, while it was higher in total and saturated fat in Malaysia and Indonesia. Intakes of fibre and vitamin C were low in all countries, while Malaysia tended to have higher intakes of most minerals, including sodium. Daily and breakfast nutrient intakes (at the population level and in the upper tertile of the NRF Index) were compared to the Codex Alimentarius nutrient reference values (NRVs) to assess adequacy. A decision tree was established based on these data to guide the development of recommendations for nutrient intakes at breakfast across the three countries.
摘要：
国际早餐研究计划是一项全球性的早餐营养研究，涉及四大洲的17个国家，旨在得出基于营养的区域早餐建议。本研究旨在为三个东南亚国家：印度尼西亚，马来西亚,和菲律宾。对于每个国家，使用营养丰富食品（NRF）指数，对成人人口水平和每日营养密度上限水平的早餐对每日营养摄入量的贡献的全国代表性饮食调查数据进行了整理和检查。早餐时的能量摄入量占每日能量摄入量的26％至27％。在这三个国家，早餐富含碳水化合物,提供52％至72％的早餐能量摄入量，而马来西亚和印度尼西亚的总脂肪和饱和脂肪含量更高。所有国家的纤维和维生素C摄入量都很低，而马来西亚的大多数矿物质摄入量往往较高，包括钠。将每日和早餐营养素摄入量（在人口水平和NRF指数的上限）与食品法典营养素参考值（NRV）进行比较，以评估是否足够。根据这些数据建立了决策树，以指导这三个国家的早餐营养摄入量建议的制定。
