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Abstract：
Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency are the most important factors determining the success of mutation breeding, a coherent tool for quickly enhancing diversity in crops. This study was carried out at Lovely Professional University\'s agricultural research farm in Punjab, India, during the year 2023. The experimental design followed a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The experiment aimed to assess the effect of three chemical mutagens, sodium azide (SA), ethyl methyl sulphonates (EMSs), and methyl methane sulfonate (MMS), at three different concentrations (0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6%), in SL958 and SL744 soybean varieties to select the mutant exhibiting the highest yield. The data were collected and analysed using a two-way ANOVA test through SPSS software (version 22), and the means were separated using Duncan\'s multiple range test (DMRT) at the 5% level of significance. Between the two varieties, the highest seed germination percentage (76.0% seedlings/plot) was recorded in SL958 (0.4% SA), while the lowest (30.33% seedlings/plot) was observed in 0.6% MMS as compared to the control (53% and 76% in SL744 and SL958 at 10 days after sowing, respectively). Several weeks after sowing, the average plant height was observed to be higher (37.84 ± 1.32 cm) in SL958 (0.4% SA) and lower (20.58 ± 0.30 cm) in SL744 (0.6% SA), as compared to the controls (SL958: 26.09 ± 0.62 cm and SL744: 27.48 ± 0.74 cm). The average leaf count was the highest (234.33 ± 3.09 tetrafoliate leaves/plant) in SL958 (0.4% SA) while it was the lowest (87 leaves/plant) in 0.6% MMS as compared to the control (SL744 180.00 ± 1.63 and SL958 160.73 ± 1.05). The highest total leaf areas recorded in the SL958 and SL744 M1plants were 3625.8 ± 1.43 cm2 and 2311.03 ± 3.65 cm2, respectively. Seeds of the SL958 variety treated with 0.4% SA resulted in the development of tetrafoliate leaves with a broad leaf base and the maximum yield (277.55 ± 1.37 pods/plant) compared to the narrow pentafoliate leaves obtained through the treatment with EMS. Meanwhile, in the SL744 variety, the same treatment led to tetrafoliate leaves with a comparatively lower yield of 206.54 ± 23.47 pods/plant as compared to the control (SL744 164.33 ± 8.58 and SL958 229.86 ± 0.96). The highest protein content (47.04 ± 0.87% TSP) was recorded in the SL958 (0.4% SA) M2 seeds followed by a content of 46.14 ± 0.64% TSP in the SL744 (0.4% SA) M2 seeds, whereas the lowest content (38.13 ± 0.81% TSP) was found in SL958 (0.6% MMS). Similar observations were recorded for the lipid and fibre content. The 0.4% SA treatment in SL958 proved to be efficient in generating the highest leaf area (tetrafoliate leaves) and a reasonable yield of M1 (the first generation after mutation) plants.
摘要：
诱变效果和效率是决定诱变育种成功与否的最重要因素,一种快速增强作物多样性的连贯工具。这项研究是在旁遮普邦可爱专业大学的农业研究农场进行的，印度,在2023年。实验设计遵循随机完全区组设计(RCBD),重复三次。该实验旨在评估三种化学诱变剂的作用，叠氮化钠（SA），甲基磺酸乙酯（EMSs），和甲磺酸甲酯(MMS)，在三种不同的浓度(0.2%，0.4%,和0.6%），在SL958和SL744大豆品种中选择产量最高的突变体。通过SPSS软件（版本22）使用双向ANOVA检验收集和分析数据，并且使用Duncan的多范围检验(DMRT)在5%的显著性水平下分离平均值。在这两个品种之间，在SL958（0.4％SA）中记录了最高的种子发芽率（76.0％幼苗/地块），与对照相比，在0.6％的MMS中观察到最低（30.33％的幼苗/地块）（播种后10天，SL744和SL958中分别为53％和76％，分别)。播种几周后，在SL958（0.4％SA）中观察到平均植物高度较高（37.84±1.32cm），在SL744（0.6％SA）中观察到较低（20.58±0.30cm），与对照组相比（SL958：26.09±0.62cm和SL744：27.48±0.74cm）。与对照（SL744180.00±1.63和SL958160.73±1.05）相比，SL958（0.4％SA）中的平均叶片计数最高（234.33±3.09四叶片/植物），而在0.6％MMS中最低（87叶片/植物）。SL958和SL744M1植物中记录的最高总叶面积分别为3625.8±1.43cm2和2311.03±3.65cm2。用0.4％SA处理的SL958品种的种子，与通过EMS处理获得的窄五角叶片相比，产生了具有宽叶基部和最大产量（277.55±1.37豆荚/株）的四角叶片。同时,在SL744品种中，与对照（SL744164.33±8.58和SL958229.86±0.96）相比，相同的处理导致了四角叶片的产量相对较低，为206.54±23.47豆荚/植物。在SL958（0.4％SA）M2种子中记录到最高的蛋白质含量（47.04±0.87％TSP），其次是在SL744（0.4％SA）M2种子中的46.14±0.64％TSP含量。而最低含量（38.13±0.81％TSP）在SL958（0.6％MMS）中发现。对于脂质和纤维含量记录了类似的观察结果。SL958中的0.4％SA处理被证明可以有效地产生最高的叶面积（四叶片）和M1（突变后的第一代）植物的合理产量。
