PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The COVID-19 vaccination campaign resulted in uneven vaccine uptake throughout the United States, particularly in rural areas, areas with socially and economically disadvantaged groups, and populations that exhibited vaccine hesitancy behaviors. This study examines how county-level sociodemographic and political affiliation characteristics differentially affected patterns of COVID-19 vaccinations in the state of Indiana every month in 2021. We linked county-level demographics from the 2016-2020 American Community Survey Five-Year Estimates and the Indiana Elections Results Database with county-level COVID-19 vaccination counts from the Indiana State Department of Health. We then created twelve monthly linear regression models to assess which variables were consistently being selected, based on the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and adjusted R-squared values. The vaccination models showed a positive association with proportions of Bachelor\'s degree-holding residents, of 40-59 year-old residents, proportions of Democratic-voting residents, and a negative association with uninsured and unemployed residents, persons living below the poverty line, residents without access to the Internet, and persons of Other Race. Overall, after April, the variables selected were consistent, with the model\'s high adjusted R2 values for COVID-19 cumulative vaccinations demonstrating that the county sociodemographic and political affiliation characteristics can explain most of the variation in vaccinations. Linking county-level sociodemographic and political affiliation characteristics with Indiana\'s COVID-19 vaccinations revealed inherent inequalities in vaccine coverage among different sociodemographic groups. Increased vaccine uptake could be improved in the future through targeted messaging, which provides culturally relevant advertising campaigns for groups less likely to receive a vaccine, and increasing access to vaccines for rural, under-resourced, and underserved populations.
摘要：
COVID-19疫苗接种运动导致整个美国的疫苗接种不均衡，特别是在农村地区，有社会和经济弱势群体的地区，以及表现出疫苗犹豫行为的人群。这项研究调查了2021年印第安纳州每个月的县级社会人口统计学和政治派别特征如何不同地影响COVID-19疫苗接种模式。我们将2016-2020年美国社区调查五年估计和印第安纳州选举结果数据库中的县级人口统计数据与印第安纳州卫生部的县级COVID-19疫苗接种计数联系起来。然后，我们创建了十二个月的线性回归模型，以评估哪些变量被一致地选择，基于Akaike信息准则(AIC)和调整后的R平方值。疫苗接种模型显示与持有学士学位的居民比例呈正相关，40-59岁的居民，民主投票居民的比例，以及与没有保险和失业居民的负面联系，生活在贫困线以下的人，无法上网的居民，和其他种族的人。总的来说,四月之后,选择的变量是一致的，模型对COVID-19累积疫苗接种的高调整R2值表明，县的社会人口统计学和政治派别特征可以解释疫苗接种的大部分变化。将县级社会人口统计学和政治派别特征与印第安纳州的COVID-19疫苗接种联系起来，揭示了不同社会人口统计学群体之间疫苗覆盖率的固有不平等。未来可以通过有针对性的消息传递来提高疫苗的吸收，它为不太可能接种疫苗的群体提供与文化相关的广告活动，增加农村地区获得疫苗的机会，资源不足,和服务不足的人群。
