Abstract：
Fish are crucial for the fishing industry and essential nutrient provision, including lipids. This study employed a high-throughput lipidomic approach to evaluate and contrast the lipid profiles of three marine fish species (P. crocea, S. fuscens, and C. saira) and one freshwater species (H. molitrix) across head, muscle, and viscera. Over 1000 molecular lipid species across 17 subclasses were identified. Notably, acylated monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (acMGDG) was detected for the first time in these species, with a high prevalence of saturated fatty acids (44.7 %-87.7 %). Glycerolipids (67.7 - 86.3 %) and PLs (10.7 - 31.8 %) were identified as the dominant lipid classes. Marine fish muscles displayed higher PL content than freshwater species, and P. crocea viscera contained over 30 % PLs of total lipids. In particular, ether phosphatidyl ethanolamine incorporated more DHA than ether phosphatidylcholine. The viscera of four fish species also exhibited a significant abundance of diacylglycerol (DG), indicating their potential as functional lipid sources. Multivariate analysis identified triglyceride (TG) (59:13), DG (16:1/22:5), and MGDG (16:0/18:2) as potential biomarkers for differentiating among fish anatomical parts. This study deepens the understanding of the nutritional values of these fish, providing guidance for consumer dietary choices and paving the way for transforming previously underutilized by-products into resources with high-value potential.
摘要：
鱼类对渔业和基本营养供应至关重要，包括脂质。这项研究采用了高通量脂质组学方法来评估和对比三种海洋鱼类的脂质谱（P。大黄鱼,S.Fuscens，和C.saira)和一种淡水物种(H.molitrix)横跨头部，肌肉，还有内脏.在17个亚类中鉴定了超过1000种分子脂质。值得注意的是,在这些物种中首次检测到酰化的单半乳糖二酰甘油（acMGDG），饱和脂肪酸的患病率较高（44.7％-87.7％）。甘油酯（67.7-86.3％）和PL（10.7-31.8％）被确定为主要的脂质类别。海洋鱼类肌肉显示出比淡水物种更高的PL含量，大黄杆菌的内脏含有超过30%的PLs的总脂质。特别是,醚磷脂酰乙醇胺比醚磷脂酰胆碱掺入更多的DHA。四种鱼类的内脏也表现出大量的二酰甘油（DG），表明它们作为功能性脂质来源的潜力。多变量分析确定了甘油三酯(TG)(59:13)，DG(16:1/22:5),和MGDG(16:0/18:2)作为区分鱼类解剖部位的潜在生物标志物。这项研究加深了对这些鱼的营养价值的理解，为消费者的饮食选择提供指导，并为将以前未充分利用的副产品转化为具有高价值潜力的资源铺平道路。
