PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Influenza virus possesses an RNA genome of single-stranded, negative-sensed, and segmented configuration. Influenza virus causes an acute respiratory disease, commonly known as the \"flu\" in humans. In some individuals, flu can lead to pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Influenza A virus (IAV) is the most significant because it causes recurring seasonal epidemics, occasional pandemics, and zoonotic outbreaks in human populations, globally. The host innate immune response to IAV infection plays a critical role in sensing, preventing, and clearing the infection as well as in flu disease pathology. Host cells sense IAV infection through multiple receptors and mechanisms, which culminate in the induction of a concerted innate antiviral response and the creation of an antiviral state, which inhibits and clears the infection from host cells. However, IAV antagonizes and escapes many steps of the innate antiviral response by different mechanisms. Herein, we review those host and viral mechanisms. This review covers most aspects of the host innate immune response, i.e., (1) the sensing of incoming virus particles, (2) the activation of downstream innate antiviral signaling pathways, (3) the expression of interferon-stimulated genes, (4) and viral antagonism and escape.
摘要：
流感病毒具有单链的RNA基因组，负感，和分段配置。流感病毒引起急性呼吸道疾病,在人类中通常被称为“流感”。在某些个体中,流感可导致肺炎和急性呼吸窘迫综合征。甲型流感病毒（IAV）是最重要的，因为它引起反复的季节性流行，偶尔的大流行，以及人群中的人畜共患疫情，全球。宿主对IAV感染的先天性免疫反应在感知中起着至关重要的作用，预防,清除感染以及流感疾病病理。宿主细胞通过多种受体和机制感知IAV感染，最终诱导出一致的先天抗病毒反应和抗病毒状态的产生，抑制和清除宿主细胞的感染。然而,IAV通过不同的机制拮抗和逃避先天抗病毒反应的许多步骤。在这里，我们回顾了这些宿主和病毒机制。这篇综述涵盖了宿主先天免疫反应的大多数方面，即，(1)对传入的病毒颗粒的感知，(2)下游先天抗病毒信号通路的激活,(3)干扰素刺激基因的表达,(4)和病毒的拮抗和逃逸。
