Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: This study compared the effects of conventional, ultrasonic, and laser-activated irrigation (LAI) on penetration depth of three photosensitizers (PSs) in the root canal system.
METHODS: In this in vitro, experimental study, 120 extracted anterior teeth were decoronated such that the remaining root length was standardized at 12 mm. After root canal instrumentation with the ProTaper rotary system and irrigation with 5.25% NaOCl, the roots were assigned to 12 groups for the application of toluidine blue (TB), curcumin, and phycocyanin PSs combined with the LAI using erbium laser with 0.4 mm and 0.6 mm tips, ultrasonic activation, and conventional irrigation. The specimens were sectioned apicocoronally, and the dye penetration depth was quantified in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds under a stereomicroscope at x20 magnification. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn test (alpha=0.05).
RESULTS: The effects of irrigation technique, PS type, and their interaction on dye penetration depth were significant at the apical, middle, and coronal thirds (P<0.0001). TB + LAI with 0.4- and 0.6-mm laser tips showed the highest penetration depth while phycocyanin + LAI or conventional irrigation showed the lowest penetration depth at all areas. Dye penetration depth was the highest in the coronal, and the lowest in the apical third.
CONCLUSIONS: The LAI technique with erbium laser (0.4- and 0.6-mm tips) enhanced the penetration depth of TB. The tested irrigation techniques had no significant efficacy for enhancement of the penetration depth of curcumin and phycocyanin.
METHODS: In this in vitro, experimental study, 120 extracted anterior teeth were decoronated such that the remaining root length was standardized at 12 mm. After root canal instrumentation with the ProTaper rotary system and irrigation with 5.25% NaOCl, the roots were assigned to 12 groups for the application of toluidine blue (TB), curcumin, and phycocyanin PSs combined with the LAI using erbium laser with 0.4 mm and 0.6 mm tips, ultrasonic activation, and conventional irrigation. The specimens were sectioned apicocoronally, and the dye penetration depth was quantified in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds under a stereomicroscope at x20 magnification. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn test (alpha=0.05).
RESULTS: The effects of irrigation technique, PS type, and their interaction on dye penetration depth were significant at the apical, middle, and coronal thirds (P<0.0001). TB + LAI with 0.4- and 0.6-mm laser tips showed the highest penetration depth while phycocyanin + LAI or conventional irrigation showed the lowest penetration depth at all areas. Dye penetration depth was the highest in the coronal, and the lowest in the apical third.
CONCLUSIONS: The LAI technique with erbium laser (0.4- and 0.6-mm tips) enhanced the penetration depth of TB. The tested irrigation techniques had no significant efficacy for enhancement of the penetration depth of curcumin and phycocyanin.
摘要：
目的：本研究比较了常规，超声波,和激光激活灌溉（LAI）对三种光敏剂（PS）在根管系统中的渗透深度。
方法：在体外，实验研究,对120颗拔出的前牙进行装饰，使剩余的根长标准化为12mm。在使用ProTaper旋转系统进行根管器械和用5.25％NaOCl冲洗后，根被分配到12组，用于应用甲苯胺蓝（TB），姜黄素,和藻蓝蛋白PS与LAI结合使用0.4毫米和0.6毫米尖端的铒激光，超声波激活,传统灌溉。标本被冠部切开，染料穿透深度在日冕中被量化，中间,在X20放大倍数的立体显微镜下和顶端的三分之一。通过Kruskal-Wallis和Dunn检验(α=0.05)分析数据。
结果：灌溉技术的影响，PS类型,它们对染料渗透深度的相互作用在顶端显著，中间,和冠状三分（P<0.0001）。具有0.4毫米和0.6毫米激光尖端的TBLAI显示出最高的穿透深度，而藻蓝蛋白LAI或常规灌溉在所有区域显示出最低的穿透深度。染料穿透深度在日冕中最高，最低的在第三根尖。
结论：使用铒激光（0.4-和0.6-mm尖端）的LAI技术增强了TB的穿透深度。测试的灌溉技术对增强姜黄素和藻蓝蛋白的渗透深度没有显着效果。
方法：在体外，实验研究,对120颗拔出的前牙进行装饰，使剩余的根长标准化为12mm。在使用ProTaper旋转系统进行根管器械和用5.25％NaOCl冲洗后，根被分配到12组，用于应用甲苯胺蓝（TB），姜黄素,和藻蓝蛋白PS与LAI结合使用0.4毫米和0.6毫米尖端的铒激光，超声波激活,传统灌溉。标本被冠部切开，染料穿透深度在日冕中被量化，中间,在X20放大倍数的立体显微镜下和顶端的三分之一。通过Kruskal-Wallis和Dunn检验(α=0.05)分析数据。
结果：灌溉技术的影响，PS类型,它们对染料渗透深度的相互作用在顶端显著，中间,和冠状三分（P<0.0001）。具有0.4毫米和0.6毫米激光尖端的TBLAI显示出最高的穿透深度，而藻蓝蛋白LAI或常规灌溉在所有区域显示出最低的穿透深度。染料穿透深度在日冕中最高，最低的在第三根尖。
结论：使用铒激光（0.4-和0.6-mm尖端）的LAI技术增强了TB的穿透深度。测试的灌溉技术对增强姜黄素和藻蓝蛋白的渗透深度没有显着效果。
