Abstract：
Many forcibly displaced people reside in camps characterised by precarious living conditions, exposing them to numerous health risks. This scoping review elucidated the risk factors and exposure routes implicated in outbreaks of faecal-oral pathogens in camps, as well as the context-specific drivers of transmission that shape these outbreaks. Journal articles were identified from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. Portals for grey literature were also searched. A total of 48 records, published between 1937 and 2022, were included in the analysis. Cholera outbreaks were the most frequently reported. Risk factors included drinking water from shallow wells and rivers, consuming ice and leftover food, and inconsistent handwashing. These indicate exposure through vehicles of transmission in both public and domestic domains, emphasising the importance of a multipronged approach to outbreak prevention and control. Outbreaks were often exacerbated by extreme weather events and acute population influxes that damage or overwhelm water and sanitation facilities. Such shocks warrant explicit recommendations in preparedness and response guidelines. Development projects and outbreak response measures in surrounding areas may reduce the risk of importing pathogens into camps. Future research could further investigate faecal-oral pathogens other than Vibrio cholerae and analyse the co-occurrence of the identified transmission drivers.
摘要：
许多被迫流离失所的人居住在生活条件不稳定的难民营中，使他们面临许多健康风险。这项范围审查阐明了营地粪便-口腔病原体暴发的风险因素和暴露途径，以及塑造这些疫情的特定环境的传播驱动因素。期刊文章来自PubMed，Embase,Scopus,和WebofScience。还搜索了灰色文献的门户。一共有48条记录,在1937年至2022年之间发表的，包括在分析中。霍乱爆发是最常见的报道。风险因素包括从浅水井和河流中饮用水，消耗冰和剩余的食物，不一致的洗手。这些表明通过公共和家庭领域的传播车辆暴露，强调多管齐下预防和控制疫情的重要性。极端天气事件和严重的人口涌入往往破坏或淹没水和卫生设施，加剧了疫情。这种冲击需要在准备和应对准则中提出明确的建议。周边地区的发展项目和疫情应对措施可以降低将病原体输入营地的风险。未来的研究可以进一步调查除霍乱弧菌以外的粪便-口腔病原体，并分析已确定的传播驱动因素的共同出现。
