Abstract：
The excessive use of antibiotics, disinfectants, and drugs in livestock and poultry breeding has resulted in a rise in the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and ARGs have been widely found in animal feces, farm wastewater, and farm air. ARGs can not only spread across media through adsorption and migration, but also transfer resistance across bacterial genera through horizontal gene transfer. Livestock breeding has become a fixed and unavoidable source of ARGs in the environment. Existing technologies for controlling ARGs, such as composting, disinfection, and sewage treatment, are not efficient in removing ARB and ARGs from waste. Furthermore, the remaining ARGs still possess a strong capacity for dissemination. At present, antibiotics used in animal husbandry are difficult to replace in a short period of time. The growth and potential risks of resistance genes in livestock and poultry breeding sources in the receiving environment are not yet clear. In this paper, we summarize the current situation of ARGs in the livestock and poultry breeding environment. We also explain the key environmental processes, main influencing factors, and corresponding ecological risks associated with ARGs in this environment. The advantages and disadvantages of current technologies for the removal of ARGs are primarily discussed. There is a particular emphasis on clarifying the spatiotemporal evolution patterns and environmental process mechanisms of ARGs, as well as highlighting the importance and urgency of developing efficient pollution control technologies.
摘要：
过度使用抗生素，消毒剂,和畜禽养殖中的药物导致抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的存在增加。抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）和ARGs已广泛存在于动物粪便中，农场废水,农场空气。ARGs不仅可以通过吸附和迁移在介质中传播，而且还通过水平基因转移在细菌属之间转移抗性。家畜育种已成为环境中固定且不可避免的ARGs来源。控制ARG的现有技术，如堆肥，消毒,和污水处理，不能有效地从废物中去除ARB和ARGs。此外，其余的ARGs仍然具有很强的传播能力。目前,畜牧业使用的抗生素很难在短时间内更换。接收环境中畜禽养殖源抗性基因的生长和潜在风险尚不清楚。在本文中,总结了ARGs在畜禽养殖环境中的应用现状。我们还解释了关键的环境过程，主要影响因素,以及该环境中与ARGs相关的相应生态风险。主要讨论了目前去除ARGs技术的优缺点。特别强调阐明ARGs的时空演化模式和环境过程机制，并强调发展高效污染控制技术的重要性和紧迫性。
