PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Spatial proximity to important stimuli often induces impulsive behaviour. How we overcome impulsive tendencies is what determines behaviour to be adaptive. Here, we used virtual reality to investigate whether the spatial proximity of stimuli is causally related to the supplementary motor area (SMA) functions. In two experiments, we set out to investigate these processes using a virtual environment that recreates close and distant spaces to test the causal contributions of the SMA in spatial impulsivity. In an online first experiment (N = 93) we validated and measured the influence of distant stimuli using a go/no-go task with close (21 cm) or distant stimuli (360 cm). In experiment 2 (N = 28), we applied transcranial static magnetic stimulation (tSMS) over the SMA (double-blind, crossover, sham-controlled design) to test its computations in controlling impulsive tendencies towards close vs distant stimuli. Reaction times and error rates (omission and commission) were analysed. In addition, the EZ Model parameters (a, v, Ter and MDT) were computed. Close stimuli elicited faster responses compared to distant stimuli but also exhibited higher error rates, specifically in commission errors (experiment 1). Real stimulation over SMA slowed response latencies (experiment 2), an effect mediated by an increase in decision thresholds (a). Current findings suggest that impulsivity might be modulated by spatial proximity, resulting in accelerated actions that may lead to an increase of inaccurate responses to nearby objects. Our study also provides a first starting point on the role of the SMA in regulating spatial impulsivity.
摘要：
与重要刺激的空间接近度通常会引起冲动行为。我们如何克服冲动倾向决定了行为的适应性。这里,我们使用虚拟现实技术来研究刺激的空间接近度是否与辅助运动区(SMA)功能有因果关系.在两个实验中，我们着手研究这些过程，使用一个虚拟环境，重新创建近和远的空间，以测试SMA在空间冲动性的因果贡献。在在线第一个实验（N=93）中，我们使用近距离（21厘米）或远距离刺激（360厘米）的进行/不进行任务来验证和测量远距离刺激的影响。在实验2(N=28)中，我们在SMA上应用了经颅静态磁刺激(tSMS)(双盲，交叉，假对照设计），以测试其在控制对近距离和远距离刺激的脉冲趋势方面的计算。分析了反应时间和错误率（遗漏和委托）。此外,EZ模型参数(a，v,Ter和MDT)进行计算。与远处刺激相比，近距离刺激引起的反应更快，但错误率也更高。特别是在佣金错误中(实验1)。对SMA的真实刺激减慢了反应延迟(实验2)，由决策阈值(a)增加介导的效应。目前的研究结果表明，冲动性可能受到空间接近度的调节，导致加速动作，可能导致对附近物体的不准确响应增加。我们的研究还为SMA在调节空间冲动性中的作用提供了第一个起点。
