Abstract：
This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of the commercial formulation Roundup Ultramax® on sperm mortality and viability, in terms of the capacity of spermatozoids (spz) to trigger the acrosome reaction (AR), using the estuarine crab Neohelice granulata as a model. To this, an in vivo assay comprising 100 days duration was carried out, on a control group and two groups exposed to the formulation (0.01 mg/L and 0.2 mg/L of glyphosate) under controlled conditions of photoperiod, feeding, and temperature. At the end of the assay, the right vas deferens (VD, proximal and middle portion) was dissected, and after homogenizing it in calcium-free saline solution, the acrosome reaction was induced in the phase containing the spz. In each treatment, the percentage of spz with total and partial AR was calculated, as well as that of dead spz. Compared to the control, crabs exposed to the herbicide showed a significant decrease in spz with full AR, together with an increase in the percentage of spz with partial AR. Furthermore, spz mortality was significantly higher in both glyphosate concentrations compared to the control, in a concentration-dependent manner. On the other hand, abnormal spermatophores, showing expanded walls and coalescence, were observed in a significant percentage in the left VD of the groups treated with the herbicide. The results obtained are compared with those from other studies on several invertebrate and vertebrate species that found inhibition of the AR and abnormal sperm, together with inhibition of spermatogenesis, endocrine disruption, and reduced sperm motility by effect of pure glyphosate and/or different glyphosate formulations. In summary, the available evidence highlights the possible impact of glyphosate on sperm quality, in a wide variety of species.
摘要：
这项研究旨在评估商业配方RoundupUltramax®对精子死亡率和生存能力的影响，就精子（spz）触发顶体反应（AR）的能力而言，以河口蟹Neohelicegranulata为模型。对此，进行了包含100天持续时间的体内测定，在光周期控制条件下，对照组和暴露于制剂（0.01mg/L和0.2mg/L草甘膦）的两组，喂养,和温度。在实验结束时,右输精管(VD，近端和中间部分)解剖，在无钙盐溶液中均化后，在含有spz的相中诱导顶体反应。在每次治疗中,计算了spz与总AR和部分AR的百分比，以及死去的Spz.与对照相比，暴露于除草剂的螃蟹在全AR的情况下显示出spz的显着降低，随着部分AR的spz百分比的增加。此外，与对照相比，两种草甘膦浓度的spz死亡率均显着较高，以浓度依赖的方式。另一方面,异常精原细胞，显示膨胀的壁和聚结，在用除草剂处理的组的左侧VD中观察到显著百分比。将获得的结果与对几种无脊椎动物和脊椎动物物种的其他研究的结果进行比较，这些研究发现了AR和异常精子的抑制作用，同时抑制精子发生，内分泌干扰，和由于纯草甘膦和/或不同草甘膦制剂的作用而降低的精子运动性。总之,现有证据强调了草甘膦对精子质量的可能影响，在各种各样的物种中。
