PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Ethiopia enacted a comprehensive tobacco control law in 2019, which bans tobacco advertising and promotion activities. However, compliance with these laws at points-of-sale (PoS) has not been studied, resulting in a lack of research evidence on how the regulations are implemented. The purpose of the study was to assess compliance with tobacco advertising and promotion laws at PoS in 10 cities in Ethiopia.
METHODS: Multi-stage cluster sampling was used to select 1468 PoS (supermarkets, minimarkets, merchandise stores, regular shops, permanent kiosks, khat shops, street vendors, and food and drink wholesalers). Data were collected using standardized observational checklists. Tobacco advertising and promotion indicators were used to compute indoor and outdoor compliance. Poisson regression models with log link function and robust variance were used to assess factors associated with open display of cigarette packages and indoor non-compliance.
RESULTS: The average indoor compliance rate was 92.9% (95% CI:92.3-93.5). Supermarkets had the highest compliance (99.7%), while permanent kiosks showed the lowest compliance (89.8%). The highest average indoor compliance was observed at PoS in Addis Ababa (98.0%). About 60% of PoS were fully compliant in indoors. Indoor open display of cigarette packages was prevalent (32.5%, 95% CI:30.0-35.1). The average outdoor compliance was 99.6% (95% CI:99.5-99.7). Outdoor full compliance was 96.5%. Open display of cigarettes was significantly higher in permanent kiosks (adjusted prevalence ratio (adjPR) 6.73; 95% CI: 3.96-11.42), regular shops (adjPR 5.16; 95% CI: 3.05-8.75), and khat shops (adjPR 2.06; 95% CI: 1.11-3.83), while indoor non-compliance was significantly higher in these same types of PoS.
CONCLUSIONS: While outdoor compliance rates were relatively high, the lower indoor compliance rates particularly due to the high prevalence of open cigarette package displays indicates a major area for improvement in enforcing anti-tobacco advertising and promotion laws.
METHODS: Multi-stage cluster sampling was used to select 1468 PoS (supermarkets, minimarkets, merchandise stores, regular shops, permanent kiosks, khat shops, street vendors, and food and drink wholesalers). Data were collected using standardized observational checklists. Tobacco advertising and promotion indicators were used to compute indoor and outdoor compliance. Poisson regression models with log link function and robust variance were used to assess factors associated with open display of cigarette packages and indoor non-compliance.
RESULTS: The average indoor compliance rate was 92.9% (95% CI:92.3-93.5). Supermarkets had the highest compliance (99.7%), while permanent kiosks showed the lowest compliance (89.8%). The highest average indoor compliance was observed at PoS in Addis Ababa (98.0%). About 60% of PoS were fully compliant in indoors. Indoor open display of cigarette packages was prevalent (32.5%, 95% CI:30.0-35.1). The average outdoor compliance was 99.6% (95% CI:99.5-99.7). Outdoor full compliance was 96.5%. Open display of cigarettes was significantly higher in permanent kiosks (adjusted prevalence ratio (adjPR) 6.73; 95% CI: 3.96-11.42), regular shops (adjPR 5.16; 95% CI: 3.05-8.75), and khat shops (adjPR 2.06; 95% CI: 1.11-3.83), while indoor non-compliance was significantly higher in these same types of PoS.
CONCLUSIONS: While outdoor compliance rates were relatively high, the lower indoor compliance rates particularly due to the high prevalence of open cigarette package displays indicates a major area for improvement in enforcing anti-tobacco advertising and promotion laws.
摘要：
背景：埃塞俄比亚于2019年颁布了一项全面的烟草控制法，该法禁止烟草广告和促销活动。然而,尚未研究在销售点(PoS)遵守这些法律的情况，导致缺乏有关法规实施方式的研究证据。该研究的目的是评估埃塞俄比亚10个城市对PoS烟草广告和促销法律的遵守情况。
方法：采用多阶段整群抽样方法选择1468个PoS(超市，minimarkets,商品商店，普通商店,永久性信息亭，khat商店，街头小贩,以及食品和饮料批发商)。使用标准化观察检查表收集数据。烟草广告和促销指标用于计算室内和室外合规性。使用具有对数链接函数和稳健方差的泊松回归模型来评估与香烟包装的开放展示和室内不合规相关的因素。
结果：室内平均依从率为92.9％（95％CI：92.3-93.5）。超市的合规性最高(99.7%)，而永久性信息亭的依从性最低(89.8%)。在亚的斯亚贝巴的PoS观察到最高的平均室内依从性（98.0％）。大约60％的PoS在室内完全兼容。香烟包装的室内开放式展示很普遍(32.5%，95%CI：30.0-35.1）。平均户外依从性为99.6%(95%CI:99.5-99.7)。户外完全符合率为96.5%。永久性售货亭中的开放式香烟显着升高（调整后的患病率（adjPR）6.73；95％CI：3.96-11.42），常规商店(adjPR5.16；95%CI：3.05-8.75)，和阿拉伯茶商店(adjPR2.06；95%CI：1.11-3.83)，而在这些相同类型的PoS中，室内不依从性明显更高。
结论：虽然户外依从率相对较高，室内合规率较低，特别是由于开放式香烟包装展示的普遍存在，这表明在执行反烟草广告和促销法律方面需要改进的主要领域。
方法：采用多阶段整群抽样方法选择1468个PoS(超市，minimarkets,商品商店，普通商店,永久性信息亭，khat商店，街头小贩,以及食品和饮料批发商)。使用标准化观察检查表收集数据。烟草广告和促销指标用于计算室内和室外合规性。使用具有对数链接函数和稳健方差的泊松回归模型来评估与香烟包装的开放展示和室内不合规相关的因素。
结果：室内平均依从率为92.9％（95％CI：92.3-93.5）。超市的合规性最高(99.7%)，而永久性信息亭的依从性最低(89.8%)。在亚的斯亚贝巴的PoS观察到最高的平均室内依从性（98.0％）。大约60％的PoS在室内完全兼容。香烟包装的室内开放式展示很普遍(32.5%，95%CI：30.0-35.1）。平均户外依从性为99.6%(95%CI:99.5-99.7)。户外完全符合率为96.5%。永久性售货亭中的开放式香烟显着升高（调整后的患病率（adjPR）6.73；95％CI：3.96-11.42），常规商店(adjPR5.16；95%CI：3.05-8.75)，和阿拉伯茶商店(adjPR2.06；95%CI：1.11-3.83)，而在这些相同类型的PoS中，室内不依从性明显更高。
结论：虽然户外依从率相对较高，室内合规率较低，特别是由于开放式香烟包装展示的普遍存在，这表明在执行反烟草广告和促销法律方面需要改进的主要领域。
