Abstract：
To investigate characteristics of manual toothbrushes, self-toothbrushing methods, and replacement duration of manual toothbrushes that effectively remove dental plaque, reduce gingivitis, and promote gingival health.
PubMed-MEDLINE, Scopus and Central Register Cochrane of Controlled trials (CENTRAL) were searched for randomized control trials (RCTs) from 01 January 2018 to 12 December 2023. Articles were subjected for including participants aged six years and older with a study duration of at least four weeks to investigate the efficacy of manual toothbrushes used self-toothbrushing. To investigate the appropriate time to replace manual toothbrushes, this study was focused on the physical properties of the bristles and changes in the microorganisms present in the bristles over time.
Of 1520 retrieved articles, 26 studies were included after screening. The total number of manual toothbrushes was 40 and 5 kinds of self-toothbrushing techniques were selected in the review. 4 studies investigated the changes the physical properties bristles of manual toothbrushes.
Among manual toothbrushes, the cross-angle and indicator bristles were found to significantly improve dental plaque index and gingival condition. Most toothbrushes with soft bristles had a trend of superior dental plaque removal and gingivitis improvement efficacy. Toothbrush with end-round shape bristles tip has tended to reduce the dental plaque and gingival index scores. Studies reported that brushing twice a day for at least two minutes using the Bass method had a positive effect on the dental plaque and gingival index. Further research is required to investigate the relationships between property physical bristle and clinical intraoral indices to clarify the replacement duration of manual toothbrushes.
The findings of this study could guide people\'s daily self-brushing habits, thereby aiding the prevention of periodontal disease. Moreover, our findings suggest the need for strategic clinical trial designs to verify the ideal timing to replace manual toothbrushes.
PubMed-MEDLINE, Scopus and Central Register Cochrane of Controlled trials (CENTRAL) were searched for randomized control trials (RCTs) from 01 January 2018 to 12 December 2023. Articles were subjected for including participants aged six years and older with a study duration of at least four weeks to investigate the efficacy of manual toothbrushes used self-toothbrushing. To investigate the appropriate time to replace manual toothbrushes, this study was focused on the physical properties of the bristles and changes in the microorganisms present in the bristles over time.
Of 1520 retrieved articles, 26 studies were included after screening. The total number of manual toothbrushes was 40 and 5 kinds of self-toothbrushing techniques were selected in the review. 4 studies investigated the changes the physical properties bristles of manual toothbrushes.
Among manual toothbrushes, the cross-angle and indicator bristles were found to significantly improve dental plaque index and gingival condition. Most toothbrushes with soft bristles had a trend of superior dental plaque removal and gingivitis improvement efficacy. Toothbrush with end-round shape bristles tip has tended to reduce the dental plaque and gingival index scores. Studies reported that brushing twice a day for at least two minutes using the Bass method had a positive effect on the dental plaque and gingival index. Further research is required to investigate the relationships between property physical bristle and clinical intraoral indices to clarify the replacement duration of manual toothbrushes.
The findings of this study could guide people\'s daily self-brushing habits, thereby aiding the prevention of periodontal disease. Moreover, our findings suggest the need for strategic clinical trial designs to verify the ideal timing to replace manual toothbrushes.
摘要：
目的：研究手动牙刷的特性，自我刷牙的方法,和手动牙刷的更换持续时间，有效地去除牙菌斑，减少牙龈炎，促进牙龈健康。
■PubMed-MEDLINE,从2018年1月1日至2023年12月12日，搜索Scopus和中央注册Cochrane对照试验（CENTRAL）的随机对照试验（RCT）。文章包括6岁及以上的参与者，研究时间至少为四周，以调查手动牙刷使用自我刷牙的功效。为了研究更换手动牙刷的适当时间，这项研究的重点是刚毛的物理特性以及刚毛中微生物随时间的变化。
方法：在检索到的1520篇文章中，筛选后纳入26项研究。手动牙刷总数为40支，并在审查中选择了5种自我刷牙技术。4项研究调查了手动牙刷刷毛物理性质的变化。
结论：在手动牙刷中，发现交叉角和指示刷毛显着改善牙菌斑指数和牙龈状况。大多数具有软刷毛的牙刷具有优越的牙菌斑去除和牙龈炎改善功效的趋势。具有末端圆形刷毛尖端的牙刷倾向于降低牙菌斑和牙龈指数评分。研究报告说，使用Bass方法每天刷牙两次，至少两分钟，对牙菌斑和牙龈指数有积极影响。需要进一步的研究来研究物理刷毛的性质与临床口腔内指标之间的关系，以阐明手动牙刷的更换持续时间。
结论：这项研究的结果可以指导人们的日常自我刷牙习惯，从而帮助预防牙周病。此外，我们的研究结果表明,有必要进行战略性临床试验设计,以验证更换手动牙刷的理想时机.
■PubMed-MEDLINE,从2018年1月1日至2023年12月12日，搜索Scopus和中央注册Cochrane对照试验（CENTRAL）的随机对照试验（RCT）。文章包括6岁及以上的参与者，研究时间至少为四周，以调查手动牙刷使用自我刷牙的功效。为了研究更换手动牙刷的适当时间，这项研究的重点是刚毛的物理特性以及刚毛中微生物随时间的变化。
方法：在检索到的1520篇文章中，筛选后纳入26项研究。手动牙刷总数为40支，并在审查中选择了5种自我刷牙技术。4项研究调查了手动牙刷刷毛物理性质的变化。
结论：在手动牙刷中，发现交叉角和指示刷毛显着改善牙菌斑指数和牙龈状况。大多数具有软刷毛的牙刷具有优越的牙菌斑去除和牙龈炎改善功效的趋势。具有末端圆形刷毛尖端的牙刷倾向于降低牙菌斑和牙龈指数评分。研究报告说，使用Bass方法每天刷牙两次，至少两分钟，对牙菌斑和牙龈指数有积极影响。需要进一步的研究来研究物理刷毛的性质与临床口腔内指标之间的关系，以阐明手动牙刷的更换持续时间。
结论：这项研究的结果可以指导人们的日常自我刷牙习惯，从而帮助预防牙周病。此外，我们的研究结果表明,有必要进行战略性临床试验设计,以验证更换手动牙刷的理想时机.
