Abstract：
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder that causes a breakdown of immune tolerance. Current treatments mainly involve general immunosuppression, increasing the risk of infections. On the other hand, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been investigated as a potential therapy for autoimmune diseases in recent years, prompting an ongoing investigation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of BCG vaccination on early and late clinical presentation of SLE in a murine disease model. MRL/MPJ-Faslpr mice were immunized with BCG or treated with PBS as a control. The progress of the disease was evaluated at 27 days post-immunization (dpi) (early) and 56 dpi (late). Clinical parameters and proteinuria were monitored. Blood samples were collected for measurement of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA), and cytokine determination was performed using ELISA. Samples collected from mice were analyzed by flow cytometry and histopathology. We observed a clinical improvement in BCG-treated mice, reduced proteinuria in the latter stages of the disease, and decreased TNF-α. However, BCG did not elicit significant changes in ANAs, anti-dsDNA, histopathological scores, or immune cell infiltration. BCG was only partially beneficial in an SLE mouse model, and further research is needed to determine whether the immunity induced by this vaccine can counteract lupus\'s autoimmune response.
摘要：
系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）是一种自身免疫性疾病，可导致免疫耐受破坏。目前的治疗方法主要涉及全身免疫抑制,增加感染的风险。另一方面,近年来,卡介苗(BCG)作为自身免疫性疾病的潜在治疗方法,促使正在进行的调查。本研究旨在评估BCG疫苗接种对小鼠疾病模型中SLE早期和晚期临床表现的影响。MRL/MPJ-Faslpr小鼠用BCG免疫或用PBS处理作为对照。在免疫后27天(dpi)(早期)和56dpi(晚期)评价疾病的进展。监测临床参数和蛋白尿。收集血样用于测量抗核抗体（ANAs），抗双链DNA（抗dsDNA），使用ELISA进行细胞因子测定。通过流式细胞术和组织病理学分析从小鼠收集的样品。我们观察到BCG治疗小鼠的临床改善，在疾病的后期减少蛋白尿，和降低TNF-α。然而,BCG没有引起ANA的显著变化，抗dsDNA，组织病理学评分,或免疫细胞浸润。BCG在SLE小鼠模型中仅部分有益,需要进一步的研究来确定这种疫苗诱导的免疫是否可以抵消狼疮的自身免疫反应。
