Abstract：
This study aimed to investigate the effect of a 12-wk extracurricular volleyball training on working memory from both behavioral and cerebral aspects. A total of 80 children were randomized assigned to (i) the experimental group, who engaged in extracurricular volleyball training for 60 min, thrice a week for 12 wk, and (ii) the control group, who maintained their regular daily routine. Working memory was evaluated in both groups using the N-back task before and after the intervention. Furthermore, functional near-infrared spectroscopy was employed to monitor the level of oxygenated hemoglobin in the prefrontal cortex. The experimental group performed better in the behavioral task than the control group, as evidenced by a shorter response time and a higher correct rate. The functional near-infrared spectroscopy results suggested that the activation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. In addition, correlation analyses showed that the enhancement of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation was significantly correlated with decreasing response time and improving response accuracy in the N-back task. These findings suggest that the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is likely the neural substrate for improved working memory performance elicited by 12-wk open skill exercise.
摘要：
这项研究旨在从行为和大脑方面研究12周课外排球训练对工作记忆的影响。共有80名儿童被随机分配到（i）实验组，从事课外排球训练60分钟，一周三次，持续12周，和(ii)对照组，他们保持他们的日常生活。在干预前后使用N-back任务评估两组的工作记忆。此外，采用功能近红外光谱法监测前额叶皮质中氧合血红蛋白的水平.实验组在行为任务中的表现优于对照组,更短的响应时间和更高的正确率证明了这一点。功能近红外光谱结果提示,实验组左背外侧前额叶皮层的激活程度明显高于对照组。此外,相关分析表明，左背外侧前额叶皮层激活的增强与N-back任务中响应时间的减少和响应准确性的提高显着相关。这些发现表明，左背外侧前额叶皮层可能是12周开放技能锻炼引起的改善工作记忆表现的神经基础。
