PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a large mortality and morbidity burden globally. For individuals, a strong immune response is the most effective means to block SARS-CoV-2 infection. To inform clinical case management of COVID-19, development of improved vaccines, and public health policy, a better understanding of antibody response dynamics and duration following SARS-CoV-2 infection and after vaccination is imperatively needed.
METHODS: We systematically analyzed antibody response rates in naturally infected COVID-19 patients and vaccinated individuals. Specifically, we searched all published and pre-published literature between 1 December 2019 and 31 July 2023 using MeSH terms and \"all field\" terms comprising \"COVID-19\" or \"SARS-CoV-2,\" and \"antibody response\" or \"immunity response\" or \"humoral immune.\" We included experimental and observational studies that provided antibody positivity rates following natural COVID-19 infection or vaccination. A total of 44 studies reporting antibody positivity rate changes over time were included.
RESULTS: The meta-analysis showed that within the first week after COVID-19 symptom onset/diagnosis or vaccination, antibody response rates in vaccinated individuals were lower than those in infected patients (p < 0.01), but no significant difference was observed from the second week to the sixth month. IgG, IgA, and IgM positivity rates increased during the first 3 weeks; thereafter, IgG positivity rates were maintained at a relatively high level, while the IgM seroconversion rate dropped.
CONCLUSIONS: Antibody production following vaccination might not occur as quickly or strongly as after natural infection, and the IgM antibody response was less persistent than the IgG response.
METHODS: We systematically analyzed antibody response rates in naturally infected COVID-19 patients and vaccinated individuals. Specifically, we searched all published and pre-published literature between 1 December 2019 and 31 July 2023 using MeSH terms and \"all field\" terms comprising \"COVID-19\" or \"SARS-CoV-2,\" and \"antibody response\" or \"immunity response\" or \"humoral immune.\" We included experimental and observational studies that provided antibody positivity rates following natural COVID-19 infection or vaccination. A total of 44 studies reporting antibody positivity rate changes over time were included.
RESULTS: The meta-analysis showed that within the first week after COVID-19 symptom onset/diagnosis or vaccination, antibody response rates in vaccinated individuals were lower than those in infected patients (p < 0.01), but no significant difference was observed from the second week to the sixth month. IgG, IgA, and IgM positivity rates increased during the first 3 weeks; thereafter, IgG positivity rates were maintained at a relatively high level, while the IgM seroconversion rate dropped.
CONCLUSIONS: Antibody production following vaccination might not occur as quickly or strongly as after natural infection, and the IgM antibody response was less persistent than the IgG response.
摘要：
背景：COVID-19大流行在全球范围内造成了巨大的死亡率和发病率负担。对于个人来说,强烈的免疫反应是阻断SARS-CoV-2感染的最有效手段。为了告知COVID-19的临床病例管理，改进疫苗的开发，和公共卫生政策，迫切需要更好地了解SARS-CoV-2感染后和疫苗接种后的抗体反应动力学和持续时间.
方法：我们系统分析了自然感染COVID-19患者和接种疫苗个体的抗体应答率。具体来说,我们检索了2019年12月1日至2023年7月31日期间所有已发表和预发表的文献,使用MeSH术语和"所有领域"术语,包括"COVID-19"或"SARS-CoV-2"和"抗体应答"或"免疫应答"或"体液免疫.“我们纳入了实验和观察性研究，这些研究提供了自然COVID-19感染或疫苗接种后的抗体阳性率。共包括44项报告抗体阳性率随时间变化的研究。
结果：荟萃分析显示，在COVID-19症状发作/诊断或接种疫苗后的第一周内，接种疫苗个体的抗体应答率低于感染患者(p<0.01)，但是从第二周到第六个月没有观察到显着差异。IgG,IgA,和IgM阳性率在前3周内增加；此后，IgG阳性率维持在较高水平,而IgM血清转换率下降。
结论：疫苗接种后的抗体产生可能不像自然感染后那样迅速或强烈。IgM抗体应答的持久性低于IgG应答。
方法：我们系统分析了自然感染COVID-19患者和接种疫苗个体的抗体应答率。具体来说,我们检索了2019年12月1日至2023年7月31日期间所有已发表和预发表的文献,使用MeSH术语和"所有领域"术语,包括"COVID-19"或"SARS-CoV-2"和"抗体应答"或"免疫应答"或"体液免疫.“我们纳入了实验和观察性研究，这些研究提供了自然COVID-19感染或疫苗接种后的抗体阳性率。共包括44项报告抗体阳性率随时间变化的研究。
结果：荟萃分析显示，在COVID-19症状发作/诊断或接种疫苗后的第一周内，接种疫苗个体的抗体应答率低于感染患者(p<0.01)，但是从第二周到第六个月没有观察到显着差异。IgG,IgA,和IgM阳性率在前3周内增加；此后，IgG阳性率维持在较高水平,而IgM血清转换率下降。
结论：疫苗接种后的抗体产生可能不像自然感染后那样迅速或强烈。IgM抗体应答的持久性低于IgG应答。
