Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The impacts of maternal depression during mid-to-late pregnancy on fetal growth have been extensively investigated. However, the association between maternal depression during early pregnancy and fetal intrauterine growth are less clear.
METHODS: A prospective study comprised 23,465 eligible pregnant women and their offspring was conducted at a hospital-based center in Shanghai. Prenatal depression was assessed used using Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) before 14 gestational weeks. Differences in fetal growth trajectory of different maternal depressive statuses during three periods (16-23, 24-31, and 32-41 gestational weeks) were compared using a multilevel model with fractional polynomials.
RESULTS: Women with depressive symptoms during early pregnancy had higher longitudinal fetal trajectories, with an estimated increase in fetal weight (β = 0.33; 95 % CI, 0.06-0.61), compared to those without depressive symptoms. Increases in fetal abdominal circumference among women with depressive symptoms were observed before 23 gestational weeks. Offspring born to mothers with early pregnancy depression had a significantly higher birth weight of 14.13 g (95 % CI, 1.33-27.81 g) and an increased risk of severe large size for gestational age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.64; 95 % CI, 1.32-2.04) and macrosomia (aOR, 1.21; 95 % CI, 1.02-1.43).
CONCLUSIONS: Self-rated scale was used to assess depressive symptoms rather than clinical diagnosis. And Long-term effects of early pregnancy depression on offspring were not explored.
CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed an association between maternal depression during early pregnancy and increased fetal biometrics, higher birth weight, and an elevated risk of severe large size for gestational age and macrosomia.
METHODS: A prospective study comprised 23,465 eligible pregnant women and their offspring was conducted at a hospital-based center in Shanghai. Prenatal depression was assessed used using Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) before 14 gestational weeks. Differences in fetal growth trajectory of different maternal depressive statuses during three periods (16-23, 24-31, and 32-41 gestational weeks) were compared using a multilevel model with fractional polynomials.
RESULTS: Women with depressive symptoms during early pregnancy had higher longitudinal fetal trajectories, with an estimated increase in fetal weight (β = 0.33; 95 % CI, 0.06-0.61), compared to those without depressive symptoms. Increases in fetal abdominal circumference among women with depressive symptoms were observed before 23 gestational weeks. Offspring born to mothers with early pregnancy depression had a significantly higher birth weight of 14.13 g (95 % CI, 1.33-27.81 g) and an increased risk of severe large size for gestational age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.64; 95 % CI, 1.32-2.04) and macrosomia (aOR, 1.21; 95 % CI, 1.02-1.43).
CONCLUSIONS: Self-rated scale was used to assess depressive symptoms rather than clinical diagnosis. And Long-term effects of early pregnancy depression on offspring were not explored.
CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed an association between maternal depression during early pregnancy and increased fetal biometrics, higher birth weight, and an elevated risk of severe large size for gestational age and macrosomia.
摘要：
背景：已经广泛研究了妊娠中晚期母亲抑郁对胎儿生长的影响。然而,孕早期产妇抑郁与胎儿宫内发育之间的关联尚不清楚.
方法：一项前瞻性研究包括23,465名符合条件的孕妇及其后代在上海一家医院中心进行。在14孕周之前使用患者健康问卷（PHQ-9）评估产前抑郁症。使用带有分数多项式的多水平模型比较了三个时期（16-23、24-31和32-41孕周）不同母体抑郁状态的胎儿生长轨迹的差异。
结果：妊娠早期有抑郁症状的女性有更高的纵向胎儿轨迹，胎儿体重估计增加(β=0.33；95%CI，0.06-0.61)，与没有抑郁症状的人相比。在23孕周之前观察到有抑郁症状的妇女的胎儿腹围增加。患有早孕抑郁症的母亲所生的后代出生体重明显较高，为14.13g（95％CI，1.33-27.81g），胎龄严重大尺寸的风险增加（调整后比值比[aOR]，1.64；95%CI，1.32-2.04)和巨大儿(aOR，1.21；95%CI，1.02-1.43）。
结论：自评量表用于评估抑郁症状，而不是临床诊断。并且没有探讨早期妊娠抑郁症对后代的长期影响。
结论：该研究揭示了妊娠早期母亲抑郁与胎儿生物特征增加之间的关联。出生体重较高,以及胎龄和巨大儿严重增大的风险。
方法：一项前瞻性研究包括23,465名符合条件的孕妇及其后代在上海一家医院中心进行。在14孕周之前使用患者健康问卷（PHQ-9）评估产前抑郁症。使用带有分数多项式的多水平模型比较了三个时期（16-23、24-31和32-41孕周）不同母体抑郁状态的胎儿生长轨迹的差异。
结果：妊娠早期有抑郁症状的女性有更高的纵向胎儿轨迹，胎儿体重估计增加(β=0.33；95%CI，0.06-0.61)，与没有抑郁症状的人相比。在23孕周之前观察到有抑郁症状的妇女的胎儿腹围增加。患有早孕抑郁症的母亲所生的后代出生体重明显较高，为14.13g（95％CI，1.33-27.81g），胎龄严重大尺寸的风险增加（调整后比值比[aOR]，1.64；95%CI，1.32-2.04)和巨大儿(aOR，1.21；95%CI，1.02-1.43）。
结论：自评量表用于评估抑郁症状，而不是临床诊断。并且没有探讨早期妊娠抑郁症对后代的长期影响。
结论：该研究揭示了妊娠早期母亲抑郁与胎儿生物特征增加之间的关联。出生体重较高,以及胎龄和巨大儿严重增大的风险。
