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Abstract：
In vitro studies were undertaken aiming to study the methane (CH4) mitigation potential of biowaste (BW) of Padina gymnospora at the graded inclusion of 0% (C), 2% (A2), 5% (A5), and 10% (A10) of the diet composed of straw and concentrate in 40:60 ratio. The chemical composition analysis revealed that the BW contained higher crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and ether extract (EE) than the PF (fresh seaweed, P. gymnospora). The concentration of cinnamic acid, sinapic acid, kaempferol, fisetin p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid, and luteolin in BW was 1.5-6-folds less than the PF. Inclusion of BW decreased (P < 0.0001) CH4 production by 34%, 38%, and 45% in A2, A5, and A10 treatments, respectively. A decrease (P < 0.0001) of 7.5%-8% in dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility was also recorded with the BW supplementation. The BW inclusion also decreased the numbers of total (P = 0.007), Entodinomorphs (P = 0.011), and Holotrichs (P = 0.004) protozoa. Metagenome data revealed the dominance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Fibrobacter microbial phyla. At the phylum level, Euryarchaeota dominated the archaeal community, whereas Methanobrevibacter was most abundant at the genus level. It can be concluded that the inclusion of BW in straw and concentrate based diet by affecting rumen fermentation, protozoal numbers, and compositional shift in the archaeal community significantly decreased CH4 production. Utilization of biowaste of P. gymnospora as a CH4 mitigating agent will ensure its efficient utilization rather than dumping, which shall cause environmental pollution and health hazards.
摘要：
进行了体外研究，目的是研究在0％（C）的分级包含下，Padina裸孢子的生物废弃物（BW）的甲烷（CH4）缓解潜力，2%(A2)，5%（A5），10％（A10）的日粮由秸秆和精矿组成，比例为40：60。化学成分分析表明，BW含有较高的粗蛋白（CP），中性洗涤剂纤维（NDF），酸性洗涤剂纤维（ADF），和乙醚提取物(EE)比PF(新鲜海藻，P.gunnospora)。肉桂酸的浓度，芥子酸,山奈酚,非瑟丁对香豆酸，鞣花酸,BW中的木犀草素比PF低1.5-6倍。包含BW使CH4产量减少了34%(P<0.0001)，38%,在A2、A5和A10治疗中占45%，分别。用BW补充还记录了干物质(DM)和有机物质(OM)消化率降低7.5%-8%(P<0.0001)。BW夹杂物也减少了总数(P=0.007)，Entodinomorphs（P=0.011），和Holotrichs（P=0.004）原生动物。宏基因组数据揭示了拟杆菌的优势，变形杆菌,Firmicutes,放线菌,和纤维杆菌微生物门。在门一级，Euryarchoota主导了古细菌群落，而Methanobrevibacter在属水平上最丰富。可以得出结论，通过影响瘤胃发酵，将BW包含在秸秆和浓缩日粮中，原生动物数量,古细菌群落的组成变化显着降低了CH4的产量。利用P.gunnospora的生物废弃物作为CH4缓解剂将确保其有效利用而不是倾倒，造成环境污染和健康危害。
