METHODS: We developed an accurate and specific immunoassay to detect GIP in amniotic fluid (AF) and studied their accumulates, excretion dynamics and foetal exposure resulting from AF swallowing. One hundred twenty-five pregnant women with different gluten diets and gestational ages were recruited.
RESULTS: GIP were detectable in AF from at least the 16th gestational week in gluten-consuming women. Although no significant differences in GIP levels were observed during gestation, amniotic GIP late pregnancy was not altered by maternal fasting, suggesting closed-loop entailing foetal swallowing of GIP-containing AF and subsequent excretion via the foetal kidneys.
CONCLUSIONS: The study shows evidence, for the first time, of the foetal exposure to gluten immunogenic peptides and establishes a positive correlation with maternal gluten intake. The results obtained point to a novel physiological concept as they describe a plausible closed-loop circuit entailing foetal swallowing of GIP contained in AF and its subsequent excretion through the foetal kidneys. The study adds important new information to understanding the coeliac exposome.
方法:我们开发了一种准确而特异的免疫测定方法来检测羊水(AF)中的GIP,并研究了它们的积累,吞咽房颤导致的排泄动力学和胎儿暴露。招募了125名具有不同麸质饮食和胎龄的孕妇。
结果:在至少第16孕周开始的富含麸质的妇女中,在房颤中可以检测到GIP。虽然在妊娠期间没有观察到GIP水平的显著差异,羊水GIP妊娠晚期未因孕妇禁食而改变,提示闭环需要胎儿吞咽含GIP的AF,随后通过胎儿肾脏排泄。
结论:研究显示,第一次,胎儿暴露于谷蛋白免疫原性肽,并与母体谷蛋白摄入量呈正相关。获得的结果指向一个新的生理概念,因为它们描述了一个合理的闭环回路,需要胎儿吞下AF中所含的GIP并随后通过胎儿肾脏排泄。这项研究为理解腹腔暴露增加了重要的新信息。