Abstract：
Scientific research linking climate change to food systems, nutrition, and nutrition-related health (FSNH) has proliferated, showing bidirectional and compounding dependencies that create cascading risks for human and planetary health. Within this proliferation, it is unclear which evidence to prioritize for action and which research gaps, if filled, would catalyze the most impact. We systematically searched for synthesis literature (i.e., reviews) related to FSNH published after 1 January, 2018. We screened and extracted characteristics of these reviews and mapped them in an interactive Evidence and Gap Map (EGM) supplemented by expert consultation. Eight hundred forty-four synthesis reports met inclusion criteria (from 2739 records) and were included in the EGM. The largest clusters of reports were those describing climate impacts on crop and animal-source food production and emissions from such (86%). Comparatively few reports assessed climate change impacts on nutrition-related health or food manufacture, processing, storage, and transportation. Reports focused on strategies of climate adaptation (40%), mitigation (29%), both (19%), or none (12%). Only 1 quarter of reports critically evaluated equity (25%), and fewer reports suggested that changes to equity and equitable practices would alter climate-FSNH dynamics (6%). The expert consultation mirrored the results of the EGM and contextualized findings further. This novel map describes a wide research landscape linking climate change to FSNH. We identified 4 key research gaps: 1) research on whole food systems or postharvest elements; 2) research evaluating relationships between climate change and nutrition-related health outcomes, especially among vulnerable populations; 3) promising methods (and additional data required) that can i) identify inflection points or levers for intervention, ii) incorporate complex dynamics and characterize trade-offs, iii) be understood and applied in context-specific, localized ways for decision making; and 4) research undertaken through interdisciplinary collaborations that enables producing and translating evidence to action, especially those that inherently consider coproduction and fairness.
摘要：
将气候变化与粮食系统联系起来的科学研究，营养和营养相关健康(FSNH)激增，显示双向和复合的依赖关系，为人类和行星健康带来级联风险。在这种扩散中，目前还不清楚哪些证据应该优先采取行动，哪些研究空白，如果填充，将催化最大的影响。我们系统地搜索了与FSNH相关的综合文献(即综述)，在2018年1月1日之后发布。我们筛选并提取了这些评论的特征，并将它们映射到交互式证据和差距图(EGM)中，辅以专家咨询。844份综合报告符合纳入标准（来自2,739份记录），并被纳入EGM。最大的一组报告是描述气候对作物和动物源食品（ASF）生产的影响的报告，以及此类排放(86%)。相对较少报告评估气候变化对营养相关健康的影响，或食品制造，processing,storage,和交通。报告侧重于气候适应战略(40%)，缓解(29%)，两者(19%)或无(12%)。只有四分之一的报告对股权进行了批判性评估(25%)，较少报告表明，公平和公平做法的变化将改变气候-FSNH动态(6%)。专家咨询反映了临时首脑会议的结果，和进一步的背景研究结果。这张新地图描述了将气候变化与FSNH联系起来的广泛研究景观。我们确定了四个关键的研究空白，包括1）对整个食物系统或收获后要素的研究2）评估气候变化与营养相关健康结果之间关系的研究，特别是在弱势群体中；3)有希望的方法(和所需的额外数据)，可以a)确定拐点或干预杠杆，B)纳入复杂的动态和表征权衡，c)在特定上下文中理解和应用，本地化的决策方式；和4）通过跨学科合作进行的研究，使产生和转化证据为行动，尤其是那些天生考虑联合制作和公平的人。
