Abstract：
This study investigates real-world carbon dioxides (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from diesel (Bharat Stage-IV (BS-IV)) and petrol/gasoline (BS-IV and BS-VI) cars in Indian driving conditions using a portable emission measurement system (PEMS). The paired sample t-test revealed a significant difference ( p < 0.05) in NOx and CO2 emissions among the three types of cars, except for CO2 emissions ( p > 0.05) between BS-IV petrol and BS-VI petrol cars. The highest NOx emission rates were observed in all car types during acceleration (> 1 m/s2) and deceleration (- 2 m/s2). CO2 emission rates were also high during acceleration (> 1 m/s2) for all car types. At low speeds (around 20 kmph), all car types had low emissions of CO2 and NOx, with acceleration and deceleration rates ranging from - 0.5 to 0.5 m/s2. BS-IV diesel cars emit significantly higher NOx emissions compared to petrol cars, especially at vehicle-specific power (VSP) bin 0 (deceleration to idling mode) and during VSP bin 7 (acceleration mode). BS-IV diesel cars emit 228% and 530% higher NOx emissions than BS-IV and BS-VI petrol cars at VSP bins 0 and 7, respectively. CO2 emissions from BS-VI petrol cars were 10% lower than those from BS-IV petrol cars across all VSP bins, indicating moderate reductions. Furthermore, diesel cars emit 140% less CO2 emissions than petrol cars across various VSP bins. The findings highlight the need for cleaner technologies and responsible driving practices to address vehicular emission concerns.
摘要：
这项研究调查了印度驾驶条件下柴油（BharatStage-IV（BS-IV））和汽油/汽油（BS-IV和BS-VI）汽车的实际二氧化碳（CO2）和氮氧化物（NOx）排放便携式排放测量系统（PEMS）。配对样本t检验显示三种类型汽车的NOx和CO2排放量存在显着差异（p<0.05），除了BS-IV汽油车和BS-VI汽油车之间的CO2排放量(p>0.05)。在加速（>1m/s2）和减速（-2m/s2）期间，所有汽车类型的NOx排放率最高。对于所有类型的汽车，加速过程中的CO2排放率也很高（>1m/s2）。低速时(约20公里/小时)，所有类型的汽车都有低排放的二氧化碳和氮氧化物，加速和减速速率范围从-0.5到0.5m/s2。BS-IV柴油车的NOx排放量明显高于汽油车，特别是在车辆特定功率(VSP)箱0(减速至怠速模式)和VSP箱7(加速模式)期间。在VSP箱0和7处，BS-IV柴油车的NOx排放量分别比BS-IV和BS-VI汽油车高228％和530％。在所有VSP垃圾箱中，BS-VI汽油车的二氧化碳排放量比BS-IV汽油车的二氧化碳排放量低10％，表明适度减少。此外，在各种VSP垃圾箱中，柴油车的二氧化碳排放量比汽油车少140%。调查结果强调需要更清洁的技术和负责任的驾驶实践来解决车辆排放问题。
