Abstract：
Invertebrate and vertebrate species have many unusual cellular structures, such as long- or short-lived cell-in-cell structures and coenocytes. Coenocytes (often incorrectly described as syncytia) are multinuclear cells derived, unlike syncytia, not from the fusion of multiple cells but from multiple nuclear divisions without cytokinesis. An example of a somatic coenocyte is the coenocytic blastoderm in Drosophila. An astonishing property of coenocytes is the ability to differentiate the nuclei sharing a common cytoplasm into different subpopulations with different fate trajectories. An example of a germline coenocyte is the oogenic precursor of appendicularian tunicates, which shares many features with the somatic coenocyte of Drosophila. The germline coenocyte (coenocyst) is quite an unexpected structure because in most animals, including Drosophila, Xenopus, and mice, oogenesis proceeds within a group (cyst, nest) of sibling cells (cystocytes) connected by the intercellular bridges (ring canals, RCs) derived from multiple divisions with incomplete cytokinesis of a progenitor cell called the cystoblast. Here, I discuss the differences and similarities between cystocyte-based and coenocyst-based oogenesis, and the resemblance of coenocystic oogenesis to coenocytic somatic blastoderm in Drosophila. I also describe cell-in-cell structures that although not mechanistically, cytologically, or molecularly connected to somatic or germline coenocytes, are both unorthodox and intriguing cytological phenomena rarely covered by scientific literature.
摘要：
无脊椎动物和脊椎动物物种有许多不寻常的细胞结构，例如长或短寿命的细胞中的细胞结构和细胞。Coenocytes（通常被错误地描述为合胞体）是多核细胞，与合胞体不同,不是来自多个细胞的融合，而是来自没有胞质分裂的多个核分裂。体细胞胚缩细胞的实例是果蝇中的胚缩胚层。细胞的惊人特性是能够将共享共同细胞质的细胞核分化成具有不同命运轨迹的不同亚群。种系生殖细胞的一个例子是阑尾被膜的卵原前体，它与果蝇体细胞有许多共同特征。种系胚缩细胞（胚缩细胞）是一个意想不到的结构，因为在大多数动物中，包括果蝇,非洲爪狼,和老鼠，卵子发生在一个组内进行(囊肿，巢）通过细胞间桥（环管，RCs）源自称为成囊细胞的祖细胞的不完全胞质分裂。这里,我讨论了基于囊细胞和基于囊泡的卵子发生之间的差异和相似性，果蝇的胚囊性卵子发生与胚囊性体细胞胚盘的相似性。我还描述了细胞中的细胞结构，虽然不是机械上的，细胞学上，或分子连接到体细胞或种系卵母细胞，都是非正统和有趣的细胞学现象很少被科学文献涵盖。
