Abstract：
Anatomical models have key applications in radiotherapy, notably to help understand the relationship between radiation dose and risk of developing side effects. This review analyses whether age-specific computational phantoms, developed from healthy subjects and paediatric cancer patient data, are adequate to model a paediatric population. The phantoms used in the study were International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), 4D extended cardiac torso (XCAT) and Radiotherapy Paediatric Atlas (RT-PAL), which were also compared to literature data. Organ volume data for 19 organs was collected for all phantoms and literature. ICRP was treated as the reference for comparison, and percentage difference (P.D) for the other phantoms were calculated relative to ICRP. Overall comparisons were made for each age category (1, 5, 10, 15) and each organ. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel (version 16.59). The smallest P.D to ICRP was for Literature (-17.4%), closely followed by XCAT (26.6%). The largest was for RT-PAL (88.1%). The rectum had the largest average P.D (1,049.2%) and the large bowel had the smallest (2.0%). The P.D was 122.6% at age 1 but this decreased to 43.5% by age 15. Linear regression analysis showed a correlation between organ volume and age to be the strongest for ICRP (R2 = 0.943) and weakest for XCAT (R2 = 0.676). The phantoms are similar enough to ICRP for potential use in modelling paediatric populations. ICRP and XCAT could be used to model a healthy population, whereas RT-PAL could be used for a population undergoing/after radiotherapy.
摘要：
解剖模型在放射治疗中具有重要的应用,特别是帮助理解辐射剂量和副作用风险之间的关系。这篇综述分析了特定年龄的计算体模，根据健康受试者和儿科癌症患者的数据，足以为儿科人群建模。研究中使用的体模是国际放射防护委员会(ICRP)，4D延长心脏躯干（XCAT）和放射治疗儿科地图集（RT-PAL），这些数据也与文献数据进行了比较。收集所有幻像和文献的19个器官的器官体积数据。ICRP被视为比较的参考，和百分比差异(P.D)对于其他体模是相对于ICRP计算的。对每个年龄类别（1、5、10、15）和每个器官进行了总体比较。使用MicrosoftExcel(版本16.59)进行统计学分析。ICRP最小的P.D是文学（-17.4%），紧随其后的是XCAT（26.6%）。最大的是RT-PAL（88.1％）。直肠平均P.D最大(1049.2%),大肠最小(2.0%)。1岁时P.D为122.6％，但到15岁时下降到43.5％。线性回归分析表明，ICRP的器官体积与年龄之间的相关性最强（R2=0.943），XCAT的相关性最弱（R2=0.676）。幻影与ICRP足够相似，可用于对儿科人群进行建模。ICRP和XCAT可以用来模拟健康人群，而RT-PAL可用于接受放疗/放疗后的人群。
