Abstract：
Renal injury, a prevalent clinical outcome with multifactorial etiology, imposes a substantial burden on society. Currently, there remains a lack of effective management and treatments. Extensive research has emphasized the diverse biological effects of natural polysaccharides, which exhibit promising potential for mitigating renal damage. This review commences with the pathogenesis of four common renal diseases and the shared mechanisms underlying renal injury. The renoprotective roles of polysaccharides in vivo and in vitro are summarized in the following five aspects: anti-oxidative stress effects, anti-apoptotic effects, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-fibrotic effects, and gut modulatory effects. Furthermore, we explore the structure-activity relationship and bioavailability of polysaccharides in relation to renal injury, as well as investigate their utility as biomaterials for alleviating renal injury. The clinical experiments of polysaccharides applied to patients with chronic kidney disease are also reviewed. Broadly, this review provides a comprehensive perspective on the research direction of natural polysaccharides in the context of renal injury, with the primary aim to serve as a reference for the clinical development of polysaccharides as pharmaceuticals and prebiotics for the treatment of kidney diseases.
摘要：
肾损伤,具有多因素病因的普遍临床结果，给社会带来沉重负担。目前,仍然缺乏有效的管理和治疗。广泛的研究强调了天然多糖的多种生物学效应，表现出减轻肾脏损害的有希望的潜力。本文综述了四种常见肾脏疾病的发病机制以及肾脏损伤的共同机制。多糖在体内和体外的肾脏保护作用总结为以下五个方面:抗氧化应激作用,抗凋亡作用，抗炎作用，抗纤维化作用，和肠道调节作用。此外，我们探讨了多糖的构效关系和生物利用度与肾损伤的关系，以及研究它们作为减轻肾损伤的生物材料的效用。并对多糖应用于慢性肾脏病患者的临床实验进行了综述。广义上,本文综述了天然多糖在肾损伤中的研究方向,主要目的是为临床开发多糖作为药物和益生元治疗肾脏疾病提供参考。
