PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an essential food staple and source of income for small-holder farmers across Africa. However, yields are greatly threatened by fungal diseases like root rot induced by Rhizoctonia solani. This study aimed to evaluate an integrated approach utilizing vermicompost tea (VCT) and antagonistic microbes for effective and sustainable management of R. solani root rot in common beans. Fourteen fungal strains were first isolated from infected common bean plants collected across three Egyptian governorates, with R. solani being the most virulent isolate with 50% dominance. Subsequently, the antagonistic potential of vermicompost tea (VCT), Serratia sp., and Trichoderma sp. was assessed against this destructive pathogen. Combinations of 10% VCT and the biocontrol agent isolates displayed potent inhibition of R. solani growth in vitro, prompting in planta testing. Under greenhouse conditions, integrated applications of 5 or 10% VCT with Serratia marcescens, Trichoderma harzianum, or effective microorganisms (EM1) afforded up to 95% protection against pre- and post-emergence damping-off induced by R. solani in common bean cv. Giza 6. Similarly, under field conditions, combining VCT with EM1 (VCT + EM1) or Trichoderma harzianum (VCT + Trichoderma harzianum) substantially suppressed disease severity by 65.6% and 64.34%, respectively, relative to untreated plants. These treatments also elicited defense enzyme activity and distinctly improved growth parameters including 136.68% and 132.49% increases in pod weight per plant over control plants. GC-MS profiling of Trichoderma harzianum, Serratia marcescens, and vermicompost tea (VCT) extracts revealed unique compounds dominated by cyclic pregnane, fatty acid methyl esters, linoleic acid derivatives, and free fatty acids like oleic, palmitic, and stearic acids with confirmed biocontrol and plant growth-promoting activities. The results verify VCT-mediated delivery of synergistic microbial consortia as a sustainable platform for integrated management of debilitating soil-borne diseases, enhancing productivity and incomes for smallholder bean farmers through regeneration of soil health. Further large-scale validation can pave the adoption of this climate-resilient approach for securing food and nutrition security.
摘要：
普通豆（PhaseolusvulgarisL.）是非洲各地小农的基本食品和收入来源。然而,产量受到真菌疾病的极大威胁，例如由根腐病引起的根腐病。这项研究旨在评估一种综合方法，该方法利用蠕虫茶（VCT）和拮抗微生物来有效和可持续地管理普通豆类中的S.solani根腐病。首先从埃及三个省收集的受感染的普通豆类植物中分离出14种真菌菌株，其中R.solani是毒性最强的分离株，占50%的优势。随后，蚯蚓粪茶（VCT）的拮抗潜力，Serratiasp.,和木霉sp.对这种破坏性病原体进行了评估。10％VCT和生物防治剂分离物的组合在体外显示出对R.solani生长的有效抑制，在植物测试中提示。在温室条件下，5％或10％VCT与粘质沙雷菌的综合应用，哈茨木霉,或有效的微生物（EM1）可提供高达95％的保护，以抵抗普通豆cv中由R.solani诱导的出苗前和出苗后衰减。吉萨6.同样，在现场条件下，结合VCT与EM1（VCT+EM1）或哈茨木霉（VCT+哈茨木霉）显著抑制疾病严重程度65.6%和64.34%，分别,相对于未经处理的植物。这些处理还引起防御酶活性和显著改善的生长参数,包括每株植物的荚重量比对照植物增加136.68%和132.49%。哈茨木霉的GC-MS分析,粘质沙雷菌,和vermicompost茶（VCT）提取物揭示了以环状孕烷为主的独特化合物，脂肪酸甲酯，亚油酸衍生物，和油酸等游离脂肪酸，棕榈，和硬脂酸，具有证实的生物防治和植物生长促进活性。结果验证了VCT介导的协同微生物聚生体作为综合管理衰弱的土壤传播疾病的可持续平台的递送。通过土壤健康的再生，提高小豆农民的生产力和收入。进一步的大规模验证可以为采用这种气候适应方法来确保粮食和营养安全铺平道路。
