PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Similar to trends in Europe, approaches to mental illness in colonial America and recorded in early United States history were commonly characterized by incarceration and the removal of individuals from communities. In the mid-20th century, a major shift began in which treatment was offered in the community with the aim of encouraging individuals to rejoin their communities. In this paper, we will provide a brief history of community mental health services in the United States, and the forces which have influenced its development. We will explore the early antecedents of community-based approaches to care, and then detail certain factors that led to legislative, peer and clinical efforts to create Community Mental Health Centers. We will then provide an overview of current community mental health practices and evolving challenges through to the present day, including the development of services which remain focused on recovery as the ultimate goal.
摘要：
类似于欧洲的趋势，在美国殖民地和早期美国历史上记录的精神疾病的方法通常以监禁和将个人从社区中移出为特征。在20世纪中叶,一个重大转变开始了，在社区中提供治疗，目的是鼓励个人重新加入社区。在本文中,我们将提供美国社区精神卫生服务的简要历史，以及影响其发展的力量。我们将探讨以社区为基础的护理方法的早期前身，然后详细说明导致立法的某些因素，同行和临床努力创建社区心理健康中心。然后，我们将概述当前的社区心理健康实践和不断发展的挑战，直到今天，包括发展仍然以恢复为最终目标的服务。
