Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Available descriptive studies on equine pneumonia are outdated or focus on specific horse or bacterial populations.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical presentation and bacterial isolates of adult horses with bacterial pneumonia and identify factors associated with death.
METHODS: One hundred sixteen horses >2 years old with bacterial pneumonia.
METHODS: Retrospective case series. Data regarding history, physical examination, clinicopathologic features, treatment, bacterial culture and sensitivity, and outcome were collected and analyzed retrospectively.
RESULTS: Historical risk factors were present for 60% of cases, whereas abnormal vital signs on intake were present for <50%. Most horses (58%) underwent at least 1 change of antimicrobial treatment, and 67% received the highest-priority critically important antimicrobials. Streptococcus zooepidemicus was the most isolated bacteria (44%), followed by Escherichia coli (19%), Klebsiella spp. (18%), other Streptococcus species (17%), and Bacillus spp. (13%). Fusobacterium spp. were the most common anaerobic isolates (11%). Antimicrobial susceptibility varied widely. Survival to discharge was 73%. Heart rate at presentation (odds ratio [OR] 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.008-1.17, P = .03) and higher creatinine (OR 14.1, 95% CI 1.56-127.6, P = .02) increased the risk of death. Higher lymphocyte count (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.08-0.94, P = .04) reduced risk.
CONCLUSIONS: Contrasting older literature, Fusobacterium spp. were the most common anaerobes. Streptococcus zooepidemicus remained the most common isolate and was predictably susceptible to penicillin. Antimicrobial susceptibility was otherwise variable and broad applicability is limited as this was a single-center study. Increased risk of death associated with tachycardia and abnormally high serum creatinine concentration is consistent with previous studies.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical presentation and bacterial isolates of adult horses with bacterial pneumonia and identify factors associated with death.
METHODS: One hundred sixteen horses >2 years old with bacterial pneumonia.
METHODS: Retrospective case series. Data regarding history, physical examination, clinicopathologic features, treatment, bacterial culture and sensitivity, and outcome were collected and analyzed retrospectively.
RESULTS: Historical risk factors were present for 60% of cases, whereas abnormal vital signs on intake were present for <50%. Most horses (58%) underwent at least 1 change of antimicrobial treatment, and 67% received the highest-priority critically important antimicrobials. Streptococcus zooepidemicus was the most isolated bacteria (44%), followed by Escherichia coli (19%), Klebsiella spp. (18%), other Streptococcus species (17%), and Bacillus spp. (13%). Fusobacterium spp. were the most common anaerobic isolates (11%). Antimicrobial susceptibility varied widely. Survival to discharge was 73%. Heart rate at presentation (odds ratio [OR] 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.008-1.17, P = .03) and higher creatinine (OR 14.1, 95% CI 1.56-127.6, P = .02) increased the risk of death. Higher lymphocyte count (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.08-0.94, P = .04) reduced risk.
CONCLUSIONS: Contrasting older literature, Fusobacterium spp. were the most common anaerobes. Streptococcus zooepidemicus remained the most common isolate and was predictably susceptible to penicillin. Antimicrobial susceptibility was otherwise variable and broad applicability is limited as this was a single-center study. Increased risk of death associated with tachycardia and abnormally high serum creatinine concentration is consistent with previous studies.
摘要：
背景：现有的关于马肺炎的描述性研究已经过时，或者侧重于特定的马或细菌种群。
目的：描述成年马细菌性肺炎的临床表现和细菌分离，并确定与死亡相关的因素。
方法：一百一十六匹>2岁的细菌性肺炎。
方法：回顾性病例系列。有关历史记录的数据，体检,临床病理特征，治疗,细菌培养和敏感性，收集和分析结果。
结果：60％的病例存在历史危险因素，而摄入异常的生命体征<50％。大多数马（58％）接受了至少1次抗菌治疗，67%的患者接受了最重要的抗菌药物治疗.兽疫链球菌是最分离的细菌（44%），其次是大肠杆菌(19%)，克雷伯菌属。(18%),其他链球菌(17%)，和芽孢杆菌属。(13%)。梭杆菌属。是最常见的厌氧分离株(11%)。抗菌药物敏感性差异很大。出院生存率为73%。出现时的心率（比值比[OR]1.08，95％置信区间[CI]1.008-1.17，P=.03）和较高的肌酐（OR14.1，95％CI1.56-127.6，P=.02）增加了死亡风险。较高的淋巴细胞计数（OR0.27，95％CI0.08-0.94，P=0.04）降低了风险。
结论：对比较早的文献，梭杆菌属。是最常见的厌氧菌。兽疫链球菌仍然是最常见的分离株，并且可以预见对青霉素敏感。抗菌药物敏感性在其他方面是可变的，并且广泛的适用性受到限制，因为这是一项单中心研究。与心动过速和异常高的血清肌酐浓度相关的死亡风险增加与先前的研究一致。
目的：描述成年马细菌性肺炎的临床表现和细菌分离，并确定与死亡相关的因素。
方法：一百一十六匹>2岁的细菌性肺炎。
方法：回顾性病例系列。有关历史记录的数据，体检,临床病理特征，治疗,细菌培养和敏感性，收集和分析结果。
结果：60％的病例存在历史危险因素，而摄入异常的生命体征<50％。大多数马（58％）接受了至少1次抗菌治疗，67%的患者接受了最重要的抗菌药物治疗.兽疫链球菌是最分离的细菌（44%），其次是大肠杆菌(19%)，克雷伯菌属。(18%),其他链球菌(17%)，和芽孢杆菌属。(13%)。梭杆菌属。是最常见的厌氧分离株(11%)。抗菌药物敏感性差异很大。出院生存率为73%。出现时的心率（比值比[OR]1.08，95％置信区间[CI]1.008-1.17，P=.03）和较高的肌酐（OR14.1，95％CI1.56-127.6，P=.02）增加了死亡风险。较高的淋巴细胞计数（OR0.27，95％CI0.08-0.94，P=0.04）降低了风险。
结论：对比较早的文献，梭杆菌属。是最常见的厌氧菌。兽疫链球菌仍然是最常见的分离株，并且可以预见对青霉素敏感。抗菌药物敏感性在其他方面是可变的，并且广泛的适用性受到限制，因为这是一项单中心研究。与心动过速和异常高的血清肌酐浓度相关的死亡风险增加与先前的研究一致。
