Abstract：
Antibiotic success rates are decreasing as drug-resistant bacteria become more prevalent, prompting the development of new therapeutic drugs. Herein, we demonstrated the antimicrobial activity of sarsaparilla root extract fabricated silver nanoparticles (sAgNPs). The UV-Visible spectra revealed that the surface Plasmon resonance maxima of sAgNPs were at 415 nm. Transmission electron microscopy confirms that the particles are spherical with size of 12-35 nm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of sAgNPs against Escherichia coli, uropathogenic Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 62.5, 62.5, 62.5, 62.5, 125 and 125 µM, respectively. At 1X MIC, sAgNPs induces excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and disturbs the bacteria membrane intergity, causing cytoplamic membrane depolarization. Interestingly, antibacterial activity of sAgNPs was considerably reduced in the presence of an antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine, suggesting that ROS-induced membrane damage is a plausible cause of cell death. In contrast to many studies that only report the in vitro activity of NPs, we determined the in vivo antibacterial efficacy using the zebrafish model. It was found that sAgNPs protect fish from infection by inhibiting bacterial growth and eliminating them from the fish. In addition, the catalytic potential of sAgNPs for wastewater decontamination was demonstrated by degrading organic pollutants such as methyl orange, congo red, reactive black, and acid blue. The pollutants degraded in less than 10 min, and the reaction follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. As a proof of concept, the catalytic potential of sAgNPs in degrading mixed dyes to satisfy industrial wastewater treatment needs was established. In summary, sAgNPs have the potential to act as nanocatalysts and nano-drugs, addressing key challenges in medical and environmental research.
摘要：
随着耐药细菌越来越普遍，抗生素的成功率正在下降，促使开发新的治疗药物。在这里，我们证明了sarsaparilla根提取物制造的银纳米颗粒（sAgNP）的抗菌活性。UV-可见光谱揭示sAgNP的表面等离子体共振最大值在415nm处。透射电子显微镜证实颗粒为球形,尺寸为12-35nm。sAgNPs对大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC),泌尿致病性大肠杆菌，铜绿假单胞菌,粪肠球菌,金黄色葡萄球菌,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌分别为62.5、62.5、62.5、62.5、125和125µM，分别。在1XMIC时，sAgNP诱导过量的活性氧（ROS）产生并扰乱细菌膜相互作用，导致细胞质膜去极化。有趣的是,在抗氧化剂的存在下，sAgNPs的抗菌活性大大降低，N-乙酰半胱氨酸,表明ROS诱导的膜损伤是细胞死亡的合理原因。与许多仅报道NPs体外活性的研究相反，我们使用斑马鱼模型确定了体内抗菌功效。发现sAgNP通过抑制细菌生长并从鱼中消除它们来保护鱼免受感染。此外,sAgNP对废水净化的催化潜力通过降解有机污染物如甲基橙，刚果红,反应性黑色,酸性蓝。污染物在不到10分钟内降解，反应遵循伪一级动力学。作为概念的证明，建立了sAgNPs降解混合染料以满足工业废水处理需求的催化潜力。总之,sAgNP具有作为纳米催化剂和纳米药物的潜力，解决医学和环境研究中的关键挑战。
