Abstract：
In paediatrics, the pulmonary function test (PFT) is most often performed to support the diagnosis or in follow-up of asthma patients. Whatever the pathology responsible for respiratory symptoms and/or functional impairment, repeated PFTs make it possible to establish a prognosis (pulmonary function trajectories…) and to orient preventive interventions. PFT can be performed routinely from the age of three years, provided that the following requirements are met: suitable techniques and equipment, staff trained to apply the techniques and to receive young children, reference values for each technique indicating the limits of normal values and of between-test significant variation. From the age of three, children can be subjected to tidal breathing measurement of: resistance of the respiratory system (oscillometry, Rrs; airflow interruption, Rint) or of airways specific resistance (sRaw) and functional residual capacity (by applying a dilution technique). With maturity, the child will become capable of mobilizing his or her slow vital capacity to measure total lung capacity (TLC), once again by applying a dilution technique, then later by breathing against a closed shutter (plethysmography TLC and Raw). Finally, the child will be able to carry out forced expiration (forced spirometry) along with all of the other PFTs. It is important to take into account the paediatric adaptations specified in the international recommendations regarding the performance, reproducibility and quality of PFTs targeting this population.
摘要：
在儿科，肺功能测试(PFT)最常用于支持哮喘患者的诊断或随访.无论导致呼吸道症状和/或功能障碍的病理，重复的PFTs可以确定预后（肺功能轨迹...）并指导预防性干预措施。PFT可以从三岁开始常规进行，只要满足以下要求：合适的技术和设备，受过培训的工作人员应用技术和接收幼儿，每种技术的参考值，表明正常值和测试间显著变化的极限。从三岁开始,儿童可以接受潮汐呼吸测量：呼吸系统的阻力(示波法，RRS；气流中断，Rint）或气道比电阻（sRaw）和功能剩余容量（通过应用稀释技术）。随着成熟,孩子将能够调动他或她的缓慢肺活量来测量总肺活量（TLC），再次通过应用稀释技术，然后通过关闭快门呼吸（体积描记术TLC和Raw）。最后,孩子将能够与所有其他PFT一起进行强制呼气（强制肺活量测定）。重要的是要考虑到关于性能的国际建议中指定的儿科适应，针对该人群的PFTs的可重复性和质量。
