Abstract：
This study investigated environmental distribution and human exposure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives in one Chinese petroleum refinery facility. It was found that, following with high concentrations of 16 EPA PAHs (∑Parent-PAHs) in smelting subarea of studied petroleum refinery facility, total derivatives of PAHs [named as XPAHs, including nitro PAHs (NPAHs), chlorinated PAHs (Cl-PAHs), and brominated PAHs (Br-PAHs)] in gas (mean= 1.57 × 104 ng/m3), total suspended particulate (TSP) (mean= 4.33 × 103 ng/m3) and soil (mean= 4.37 × 103 ng/g) in this subarea had 1.76-6.19 times higher levels than those from other subareas of this facility, surrounding residential areas and reference areas, indicating that petroleum refining processes would lead apparent derivation of PAHs. Especially, compared with those in residential and reference areas, gas samples in the petrochemical areas had higher ∑NPAH/∑PAHs (mean=2.18), but lower ∑Cl-PAH/∑PAHs (mean=1.43 × 10-1) and ∑Br-PAH/∑PAHs ratios (mean=7.49 × 10-2), indicating the richer nitrification of PAHs than chlorination during petrochemical process. The occupational exposure to PAHs and XPAHs in this petroleum refinery facility were 24-343 times higher than non-occupational exposure, and the ILCR (1.04 × 10-4) for petrochemical workers was considered to be potential high risk. Furthermore, one expanded high-resolution screening through GC Orbitrap/MS was performed for soils from petrochemical area, and another 35 PAHs were found, including alkyl-PAHs, phenyl-PAHs and other species, indicating that profiles and risks of PAHs analogs in petrochemical areas deserve further expanded investigation.
摘要：
这项研究调查了中国一个炼油厂中多环芳烃（PAHs）及其衍生物的环境分布和人类暴露。结果发现,在研究的石油精炼设施的冶炼分区中，高浓度的16种EPAPAHs（∑母体PAHs）之后，PAHs的总衍生物[被命名为XPAHs，包括硝基多环芳烃(NPAHs)，氯化多环芳烃(Cl-PAHs)，和气体中的溴化PAHs（Br-PAHs）]（平均值=1.57×104ng/m3），该分区的总悬浮颗粒（TSP）（平均值=4.33×103ng/m3）和土壤（平均值=4.37×103ng/g）比该设施其他分区的水平高1.76-6.19倍，周边住宅区和参考区，表明石油精炼过程会导致PAHs的明显衍生。尤其是,与居住区和参考区相比，石化地区的气体样品具有较高的∑NPAH/∑PAHs（平均值=2.18），但低于∑Cl-PAH/∑PAHs（平均值=1.43×10-1）和∑Br-PAH/∑PAHs比值（平均值=7.49×10-2），表明石化过程中多环芳烃的硝化作用比氯化作用更丰富。该炼油厂对PAHs和XPAHs的职业暴露比非职业暴露高24-343倍，石化工人的ILCR(1.04×10-4)被认为是潜在的高风险。此外，通过GCOrbitrap/MS对石化区的土壤进行了一次扩展的高分辨率筛选，发现了另外35种PAHs,包括烷基-PAHs，苯基-多环芳烃和其他物种，这表明石化地区多环芳烃类似物的概况和风险值得进一步扩大调查。
