Abstract：
Anxiety fluctuates across the human menstrual cycle, with symptoms worsening during phases of declining or low ovarian hormones. Similar findings have been observed across the rodent estrous cycle, however, the magnitude and robustness of these effects have not been meta-analytically quantified. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of estrous cycle effects on anxiety-like behaviour (124 articles; k = 259 effect sizes). In both rats and mice, anxiety-like behaviour was higher during metestrus/diestrus (lower ovarian hormones) than proestrus (higher ovarian hormones) (g = 0.44 in rats, g = 0.43 in mice). There was large heterogeneity in the data, which was partially accounted for by strain, experimental task, and reproductive status. Nonetheless, the effect of estrous cycle on anxiety-like behaviour was highly robust, with the fail-safe N test revealing the effect would remain significant even if 21,388 additional studies yielded null results. These results suggest that estrous cycle should be accounted for in studies of anxiety in females. Doing so will facilitate knowledge about menstrual-cycle regulation of anxiety disorders in humans.
摘要：
焦虑在整个人类月经周期中波动，在卵巢激素下降或低的阶段症状恶化。在整个啮齿动物发情周期中也观察到了类似的发现，然而,这些影响的大小和稳健性尚未进行荟萃分析量化.我们对发情周期对焦虑样行为的影响进行了系统评价和荟萃分析（124篇文章；k=259个效应大小）。在老鼠和老鼠中，焦虑样行为在动情期/动情期（低卵巢激素）高于发情期（高卵巢激素）（g=0.44，在大鼠中，小鼠中g=0.43)。数据有很大的异质性，部分原因是应变，实验任务,和生殖状况。尽管如此，发情周期对焦虑样行为的影响非常强烈，故障-安全N检验显示，即使21,388项额外研究结果无效，效果仍将保持显著。这些结果表明，在女性焦虑研究中应考虑发情周期。这样做将有助于了解人类焦虑症的月经周期调节。
